公共财政支出与农民增收的实证分析

从公共财政支出视角来看，制约农民收入增长的因素主要有：（1）落后的基础教育，制约了农民智力素质的提升；（2）落后的交通环境和市场交易环境袁使农村发展面临较高的成本；（3）水利设施严重不足，降低了民族地区农村抵御自然灾害的能力，使农业生产面临较大风险。从理论上来看，公共财政支出对农民收入的影响是通过两大途径发挥作用的：（1）通过社会支出提高农民的健康水平和知识水平，从而增加农民的人力资本积累，增强农民的自我发展能力，提升农民获得更多收入的机会和能力，而且社会支出还通过再分配途径为那些收入特别低下的农民提升社会保障；（2）通过投资于农业、农村基础设施和农业科技，从而促进农业经济增长。利用我国1978-2009年有关统计资料进行实证分析，结果表明，公共财政支出对农业增收有较大影响。因此，促进农民增收、缩小城乡差异的一个重要途径就是加大对农业的财政支持。

Empirical analysis of public financial expenditure and peasants increase income

From the perspective of public finance expenditure, the peasants increase income was restricted by flowing factors: (1) The backward basic education restricted the improvement of intelligence quality of farmers; (2) The backward traffic environment and market environment made the rural development facing higher development costs; (3) The serious shortage of water conservancy facilities in rural ethnic areas reduced the ability to withstand natural disasters, and made the agricultural production facing bigger risk. From the view of the theory, public finance expenditure effectted on farmers'' income by two ways: (1) Improved the health and knowledge level of farmers by the social expenditure, then improved the human capital accumulation, expand capacity and the opportunities and abilities of getting more income for farmers. Meanwhile, provieded the social security for those low income farmers by the redistribution of social expenditure.(2) Promoted the growth of agricultural economy by investing in agriculture, rural infrastructure and agricultural science and technology.The relevant statistics of 1978 to 2009 of China were used to make empirical analysis, the results showed that public finance expenditure had great effects on peasants increase income. Therefore, increase the fiscal support about agriculture is an important way to increase the farmers'' income and reduce the differences of urban and rural areas.