南疆枣麦复合系统中冬小麦根长密度、根表面积密度分布特征研究

在冬小麦成熟期采用根钻法采集单作冬小麦及与3、5年生枣树间作的冬小麦根样，利用Win-SURFER V.8.0软件进行根系根长密度、根表面积密度的分析，同时进行冬小麦经济产量和地上部生物量的测定。结果表明，相比单作冬小麦，间作冬小麦的产量（P=0.0003）和地上部生物量（P=0.001）均显著下降。间作和单作冬小麦根长密度、根表面积密度随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少。与3、5年生红枣间作的冬小麦20~60 cm土层的根长密度值比单作冬小麦20~60 cm土层的根长密度值分别减少了30.1%~46.2%；与3、5年生红枣间作的冬小麦20~40 cm土层的根表面积密度值比单作冬小麦20~40 cm土层的根表面积密度值分别减少了18.7%~31.3%。间作冬小麦根系与枣树的根系在20~60cm土层中生态位重叠，导致物种间根系竞争。5年生枣树较3年生枣树对间作冬小麦根长密度值、根表面积密度值的变化和分布影响较大。

Study on root length density and root surface area density distribution characteristics of winter wheat in jujube/wheat system in Southern Xinjiang

In the maturity of winter wheat, root samples of sole winter wheat, winter wheat intercropped with 3/5-year-old jujube tree were collected by auger methods, the root length density and root surface area density of root samples were analyzed by Win-SURFER V.8.0. Economic yields and above-ground biomass were examined in the maturity of winter wheat. The result showed that compared with sole winter wheat, the yield (P=0.0003) and aboveground biomass (P=0.001) of intercropped winter wheat decreased significantly in jujube/wheat intercropping system. With the increase of soil depth, both root length density and root surface area density of sole and intercropped winter wheat decreased gradually. Root length density of winter wheat intercropped 3/5-year-old jujube decreased by 30.1%, 46.2% respectively compared with sole winter wheat in 20~60 cm soil layer; root surface area density of winter wheat intercropped 3/5-year-old jujube tree decreased by 18.7%, 31.3% respectively compared with sole winter wheat in 20~40 cm soil layer. The roots of jujube tree and winter wheat had niche overlap in 20~60 cm soil layer in jujube/wheat system. 5-year-old jujube tree had a bigger impact on root length density and root surface area density of intercropped winter wheat compared with 3-year-old jujube tree.