喀斯特石漠化生态治理区现代农业关键问题探讨

农业是导致喀斯特山区石漠化等问题的根源、也是解决石漠化等问题的出路。强化石漠化山区现代农 业理论建设、为国家在石漠化山区实施一系列生态、农业、水利等工程提供参考具有重要意义。以国内外相关文献为 支撑、通过对喀斯特石漠化山区现代农业生产环境、成功的经验技术模式、存在问题等内容的论述、指出；（1）石漠化 山区虽然生态环境脆弱、人口与贫困问题突出、但也有自身的优势、发展现代农业不仅成为可能、而且已取得许多成 功的示范、有较大潜力可待挖掘；(2)石漠化山区现代农业应注重生态、经济、民生三者的统一、多种属、多门类相结 合、调结构与提效益相结合；(3)石漠化山区现代农业发展已形成生物、农业、工程、信息等技术为主导的技术体系、取 得了土地资源综合开发利用、种植结构调整、工程措施优化等成功的模式、还形成了生态农业、低碳农业、设施农业、 可持续农业等为主流的农业类型；(4)石漠化山区现代农业研究虽然取得一定成果、但也存在一些研究相对薄弱的地 方、如规模种养与产业化发展、极端气候抵御、土地功能评价、生物多样性保护、岩溶碳汇与生态景观格局评价等问 题、值得补充和完善。

Discussing on key problems of modern agriculture in Karst rocky desertification ecology management area

In Karst mountain area, Agriculture is the root causes of rocky desertification and other issues, but also the fundamental ways. Strengthening the theoretical construction of modern agriculture and providing a reference for our country implement a series of ecological, agricultural, irrigational and other projects in the rocky desertification mountains is important. This paper by using the relevant literature at home and abroad as the support material, through the dissertation of agricultural production environment, the successful experience and technical patterns, problems concerning modern agriculture in Karst mountain area, four conclusions are put forward: (1) Despite the fragile ecological environment, highlight population and poverty problems, the rocky mountain area also has its own advantages, the modern agricultural development has become possible, and made many successful demonstration, and has a greater potential to be excavated; (2) The modern agriculture development should focus on the results of ecological, economic and livelihood, and combine variety of genera with categories, adjust structure with promoting benefits in rocky desertification mountain area; (3) modern agricultural development in rocky desertification mountain has formed a leading technology system concerning biology, agriculture, engineering, information and others, and some successful models conclude comprehensive development and utilization of resources, planting structure adjustment, engineering measures optimization and, but also some mainstream agriculture types conclude eco -agriculture, low -carbon agriculture, facility agriculture, sustainable agriculture etc. (4) Though some fruit results have been obtained concerning modern agriculture in rocky desertification mountain, but there are some insufficient researches worth replenishing and perfecting, such as the large scale planting and breeding and industrialization development, extreme climate withstanding, land functional assessment, biodiversity conservation, Karst carbon sink and ecological landscape pattern evaluation etc