木棉干燥花制作工艺研究

为了丰富市场上的干燥花品种,满足人们对干燥花的品类需求,探究木棉干燥花的制作工艺。将新鲜木棉花用无水乙醇和10%柠檬酸溶液复合保色剂进行保色预处理,用直径为0.5～1mm的硅胶粉末进行包埋,分别采用恒温箱和改装后的微波炉进行干燥花制作工艺试验。结果表明:采用保色剂与包埋剂对木棉花进行预处理,能较好地提升干燥后的外观品质;采用恒温热风方法对木棉花进行干燥,存在干燥时间长且成品花颜色不均和变黄的问题,说明木棉花不适宜用热风恒温箱进行干燥;采用微波干燥的干花整体品质较好,且干燥周期短。用800W加热5min后继续用200W加热2min,或用800W加热5min后继续用400W加热1min,这两种微波组合干燥方案是较为合适的干燥工艺。

Study on the production process of kapok dry flower

In order to enrich the varieties of dried flowers on the market and meet people''s needs for dried flowers, this article explored the production process of dried kapok flowers. The flowers were pretreated by Ethanol and 10% citric acid mixed solution to keep the colour first. Then they should be embedded in silica gel powder with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm. The experiment on kapok drying was conducted in two different drying machine, a thermostat and a modified microwave oven. From the experiment, we came to several conclusions. The pretreatment of kapok with the color-preserving agent and embedding agent could improve the appearance of dried flowers. Kapok was not suitable for drying with a hot air oven for the reason that being dried by the constant-temperature hot-air for a long drying time would lead to the uneven color and yellowing of the finished flower. By contrast, microwave drying could bring better overall quality and shorter drying cycle. It was a more suitable drying process to use two kinds of microwave combination drying schemes, such as continue heated with 800 W heating for 5 minutes then 200 W for 2 minutes, or continue heated with 400 W for 1 minute after 800 W heating for 5 minutes.