优质鸡腹脂选择方法研究进展

优质鸡的饲养日龄较长，母鸡一般饲养至接近性成熟才上市，沉积的脂肪较多。鸡体脂主要包括腹脂、 皮下脂肪和肌间脂肪。现代商业肉鸡品种每千克体重包含 150~200 g 脂肪，且绝大多数脂肪并非生理所需，不但 浪费饲料，还会直接影响肉产品的加工，而且会降低屠宰率和经济效益。脂肪的过度沉积已成为肉鸡生产中所 面临的一个严峻问题，而腹脂过多更是制约肉鸡生产效率的一个重要因素。因此，挑选育种鸡时，降低腹脂沉 积具有重要意义。国内外学者已经从遗传育种、生理生化等方面对腹脂进行选择，并取得了一定进展。从直接 选择法（同胞屠宰法直接选择）和间接选择法两个角度对肉鸡腹脂选择方法进行综述，其中间接选择法主要包 括对饲料转化率的选择、对体尺性状的选择、对血液生化指标的选择以及遗传选择等。

Research Progress on Selection Methods of Abdominal Fat of High Quality Chicken

High-quality chickens are usually raised for a long time, and hens are always raised to near sexual maturity with a lot of fat doposition. Chicken body fat mainly includes abdominal fat depostion, subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat. Modern commercial broilers contain 150 to 200 grams of fat per kilogram of body weight, and a vast majority of fat is not physiologically necessary, which not only leads to waste of feed, but also directly affects the processing of meat products, and reduces the slaughter rate and economic benefits. Excessive deposition of fat has become a serious problem in broiler production, and excessive abdominal fat has been an important factor that restricts the production efficiency of broilers. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce abdominal fat deposition when selecting and breeding the chicken. Scholars at home and abroad have made some progress in the selection of abdominal fat from the aspects of genetics and breeding, physiology and biochemistry and so on. In this paper, the selection methods of abdominal fat deposition in breeding broilers were reviewed from two aspects: direct selection (direct selection by sibling slaughtering) and indirect selection. The indirect selection method mainly includes the selection of feed conversion rate, the selection of body size traits, the selection of blood biochemical indexes and genetic selection.