水稻钵苗柔性夹持拔苗装置的设计与试验

针对试制的2ZP–10型水稻钵苗抛秧机拔苗损伤率高和秧苗株距不准确的问题,设计了钵苗柔性夹持拔苗装置替代原有拔苗装置。该装置由秧盘输送带、柔性同步带夹持器、秧盘回收装置和钵苗承接输送带组成,通过同步带上柔性材料微小变形所产生的柔性夹持力拔出钵苗。在自制的水稻钵苗柔性夹持拔苗装置试验台上,以深两优5814水稻秧苗为试材,对影响秧苗损伤率、漏拔率及秧苗株距合格率的夹持间隙、夹持柔性材料、起拔角进行单因素试验和多因素正交试验。结果表明,对秧苗损伤率、漏拔率及秧苗株距合格率影响大小依次为夹持间隙、夹持柔性材料、起拔角;当夹持间隙为0 mm、夹持柔性材料为海绵、起拔角为30°时,秧苗损伤率、漏拔率、秧苗株距合格率分别为2.00%、5.00%、91.00%,是实现水稻钵苗柔性拔苗作业的最优组合。

Design and experimental of flexible clamping and pulling device for rice potted-seedling

In order to solve the problem of potted-seedling damage and uniform in row spacing for 2ZP-10 rice potted-seedling throwing machine, a flexible clamping and pulling device was designed to replace the original clamping seedling device. The device is mainly composed of seedling conveyor belt, flexible timing belt holder, seedling tray recovery device and bowl seedlings to undertake conveyor belt four parts. The seedlings was pulled out from the bowl under the action of the force produced by slightly deformation of flexible material on the synchronous belt. In the self-made rice potted-seedling flexible clamping and pulling device, the single factor and orthogonal experiments are carried out by using Shenliangyou5814 rice as the test materials. The factors that influence the injury rate of seedling included the leakage rate of seedling, and the qualified rate of seedling spacing including the clamping gap, clamping flexible material, and lifting angle. The results show that clamping gap had the biggest influence on the injury rate of seedling, the leakage rate of seedling, and the qualified rate of seedling spacing, followed by clamping flexible material and lifting angle. When the clamping gap is 0 mm, the clamping flexible material is sponge and the lifting angle is 30°, the injury rate of seedling, the leakage rate of seedling, and the qualified rate of seedling spacing are 2.00%, 5.00% and 91.00%, respectively. It is the combination to achieve the best performance for the operation of flexible clamping and pulling rice seedlings.