安化云台山茶树品种种群内遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对安化云台山种茶树原产地的27个有性单株以及槠叶齐、湘波绿、湘安28等3个无性系品种进行了随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析。采用120个10碱基随机引物，共筛选出能产生多态性标记的RAPD引物21个，扩增出150个位点，其中多态性位点119个，占79．33％，单个引物获得的RAPD片段数在3－10个之间，平均为7．14个。基于遗传距离分析，30个样本的遗传距离从0．1252（YTS9和YTS12）到0．4616（湘波绿与YTS14），根据UPGMA聚类分析，安化云台山种27个单株包括2个核心群体和3个特异单株（YTS30，YTS31，YTS37），另一方面从聚类树状图可以看出：湘安28与单株YTS31先聚类，再与槠叶齐聚类，然后与湘波绿聚类，最后与YTS30聚类，这一方面从DNA分子水平上验证槠叶齐、湘波绿、湘安28均系从安化云台山种的后代中选育而来，同时也揭示一个规律，即作为有性群体的个体，当其基因组与核心群体的基因组差异大时，将有望成为一个优良单株。

Study on Genetic Polymorphism of Tea Plants in Anhua Yuntaishan Population by RAPD

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used in analyzing twenty seven teaplants of Anhua Yuntaishan and Zhuyeqi,Xiangbolv and Xiangan28.By using 120 random 10 mer primers, RAPD polymorphism was detected in 30 samples. The polymorphism information could be provided with 21 random primers. Total 150 loci were amplified, 119 loci of these were polymorphic (79.33%). Each primer gave 3~10 bands and the average was 7.14. The genetic distance (D) of twenty seven tea plants Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze] of Anhua Yuntaishan between YTS9 and YTS12 was 0.125 2, which was the lowest. The highest D value was 0.461 6, which was between Xiangbolv and YTS14. The UPGMA analysis indicated that 27 sexual plants of Anhua Yuntaishan can mainly be divided into two key groups and three special plants (YTS30,YTS31,YTS37),and it also showed that Xiangan28 was gathered firstly with Zhuyeqi,secondly with YTS31, thirdly with Xiangbolv and fourthly with YTS30.The DNA molecular level examination proved that Zhuyeqi,Xiangbolv and Xiangan28 originated from Anhua Yuntaishan populations. In addition, those special plants whose genomic constitution was different from that of the plants of key groups can be the good ones for breeding.