超级杂交稻育种的创新思维与实践

超级杂交稻育种的创新思维提出了超级杂交稻育种三步法设想,即超级亲本选育——超级杂交组合选育——超级杂交制种,并详细阐述了各步骤的标准和实现其目标的技术路线;提出了水稻光温敏不育机理新设想:即水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换是主效不育基因与其位置相近的发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果,不育基因位点(微效不育基因)可影响两用核不育系的不育起点温度的高低.按照超级杂交稻育种三步法的技术路线,成功选育了父本996和两用核不育系C815S两个超级杂交稻亲本,利用前者选育出适合长江中下游稻区作双季早稻种植的超级杂交早稻组合陆两优996,用后者选配出C两优87和C两优396等增产幅度大、极有应用前景的超级稻新组合.遵循水稻光温敏不育系选育的技术路线,育成C815S,P88S和9771S等实用的水稻两用核不育系.

Practice and creative ideals on super hybrid rice breeding

The super hybrid rice breeding strategy,which involved in super parent breeding,super hybrid rice combination breeding and super high hybrid rice seed production,were proposed.The objective of each procedure and the key technologies for achieving the goals were elucidated in detail.A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterile in P(T)GMS rice was proposed.The transition of sterile to fertile was the result of cooperating regulation of major-effect sterile genes with their adjacent developed photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive genes.The minor-effect genes,which exhibited accumulative effect for sterility,were the important factors that affect the critical temperature of sterile transferring.The strategies for breeding dual-purpose genic male sterile rice were also proposed.According to the breeding technologies,two super rice parents,including a male parent 996 and a T(P) GMS.C815S,were bred.The super hybrid rice combination,Luliangyou 996,which can be used as a double season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River,China,was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent.Several hybrid rice combinations,such Clianyou 87 and Cliangyou 396,with higher yield than control varieties both in Hunan provincial and national regional yield trials,were bred with the T(P) GMS C815S as the male parent.According to the breeding technologies of photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile rice,three dual purpose genic male sterile lines were bred.