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油菜花上真菌种类及其对菌核菌拮抗作用的研究
引用本文:廖晓兰,任新国,罗宽.油菜花上真菌种类及其对菌核菌拮抗作用的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),1993(2).
作者姓名:廖晓兰  任新国  罗宽
作者单位:湖南农学院植物保护系,湖南农学院植物保护系,湖南农学院植物保护系 长沙,410128,长沙,410128,长沙,410128
摘    要:于油菜初花期与盛花期采取油菜不同部位花瓣和花药进行真菌分离.除菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)外,还以不同的频率分离到葡萄孢菌(Botrytis spp.),交链孢菌(Alternaria spp.),芽枝霉菌(Cladosporium spp.),叶点霉菌(Phyllosticta sp.),附球孢菌(Epicoccum sp.),镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.).其中葡萄孢菌、交链孢菌、芽枝霉菌出现较早,为初花期主要真菌群;盛花期还分离到叶点霉菌和附球孢菌,以镰刀菌出现最迟.1991年从分离真菌中选择101个菌株.通过培养皿法和花瓣法测定对菌核菌的拮抗作用,初步筛选出A_3,A_(25),A_(26),B_(10),B_(13),B_(11),B_(26),B_(31),B_(3(?)),C_8,E_1和E_2 12个对菌核菌拮抗作用较强的菌株.用以上拮抗菌和菌核菌的孢子悬液于24h 时内在实验室条件下先后喷雾接种开花的油菜植株,所有拮抗菌占领花朵百分率为63%~96%不等,而菌核菌不能定殖其上.1992年从151个分离菌株中,筛选出59个对核盘菌具有拮抗作用的真菌菌株,其中葡萄孢菌41个占69.49%,交链孢菌5个占8.47%,芽枝霉菌1个占1.69%,镰刀菌12个占20.34%.

关 键 词:油菜  真菌  拮抗作用  生物防治

INVESTIGATION OF FUNGI ON RAPE FLOWER AND THEIR ANTAGONISM TO Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Liao Xiaolan Ren Xinguo Luo Kuan.INVESTIGATION OF FUNGI ON RAPE FLOWER AND THEIR ANTAGONISM TO Sclerotinia sclerotiorum[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University,1993(2).
Authors:Liao Xiaolan Ren Xinguo Luo Kuan
Abstract:Various fungi were isolated from petals and stamens of rape which were co-llected from early March to late April at emerging-bloom and full-bloom stages.Beside S.sclerotiorum,there were other fungi,such as Botrytis spp.,Alternaria spp.,Cladosporiumspp.,Phyllosticta sp.,Epicoccum sp.,Fusarium spp..At emerging-bloom stage Botrytisspp.,Cladosporium spp.and Alternaria spp.were the dominant mycoflore,but at full-bloomstage Fusarium spp.were frequently isolated.In 1991,101 isolates were selected from thesefungi to test their antagonistic effect to S.sclerotiorum by the methods of culture and petals.Among them 12 isolates were effective(A_3,A_(25),A_(26),B_(10),B_(13),B_(14),B_(26),B_(31),B_(34),C_8,E_1 and E_2).In 1992,59 isolates with strong inhibiting ability to S.sclerotiorum were obtained.
Keywords:bird rape  fungi  antagonism  biotic control
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