棉秆切碎还田装置的设计与试验

为南方小面积田块棉秆切碎还田机设计了棉秆切碎还田装置。该装置由切割装置、扶秆装置、除茬装置组成,棉秆由扶秆装置喂入,从上至下依次被切断、除茬。将该装置挂接在土槽试验机上,对影响棉秆切割长度合格率、功耗和除茬率的主要因素,即机具前进速度、锯盘转速和导向槽口宽度进行了单因素试验和回归正交试验。结果表明:影响合格率与除茬率的因素大小依次为机具前进速度、锯盘转速、导向槽口宽度;影响功耗的因素大小依次是锯盘转速、机具前进速度、导向槽口宽度。利用规划求解进行参数优化,在棉杆长度合格率与除茬率分别不低于85%和90%的情况下,锯盘转速为860 r/min,机具前进速度为0.65 m/s,导向槽口宽度为60 mm时,功耗为5.91 k W。

Design and experiment of chopping and returning device for cotton straw

A cotton straw chopping and returning device is designed for the small field in south of China, which consists of cutting part, standing stem part, stubble chopping part, etc. cotton straws were feed by standing stem part, and then cut from top to bottom in turn as well as stubble chopping. The device was mounted to the trolley in the soil bin and test by single factor experiment and regression orthogonal experiment. The qualified rate of cotton cutting length, power consumption and stubble rate are influenced by the moving speed, sawing disk rotational speed and guide slit width. It is shown that the moving speed, saw disk rotational speed and guide slit width have a successive effect on the qualified rate of cotton cutting length and stubble rate. Whereas the power consumption was mainly effected in turn by the saw disk rotational speed, the moving speed and guide slit width. The operation parameters were optimized by plan solution. When the device was working under the sawing disk rotational speed of 860 r/min, moving speed of 0.65 m/s and guide slit width of 60 mm, the lowest power consumption was achieved to 5.91 kW with the qualified rate of 85% and stubble rate of 90%.