中国超级杂交水稻高产栽培研究的现状与展望

综述了近年有关中国超级杂交水稻的栽培特性和生态适应性的研究结果，指出目前已育成的超级杂交水稻在中国南方多种生态区域作－季稻栽培，产量可达12t/hm^2，生育期130－150d，颖花量5.5-6.0万／m^2，叶面积指数9－10，株高100－110cm，分蘖力偏强，表现出足穗大穗、源库协调、耐肥抗倒的潜在高产优势。通过对超级杂交水稻的生长发育、光合生产及其分配、分蘖及其成穗、根系生长及其活力、适宜种植区域及其栽培期、超高产途径与技术体系等方面的研究，初步明确了单本稀植、增施氮肥条件下产量形成的生理基础、栽培环境和农艺调控技术。为了充分发挥超级杂交水稻的高产潜力，有必要对其足穗大穗与高结实率相互协调的高产生理机制进行酶学水平、激素水平、甚至分子水平的研究，并对SRI强化栽培技术措施的优化作进一步的研究。

Status and Prospect of High Yielding Cultivation Researches on China Super Hybrid Rice

This paper is an attempt to summarize the results of high yielding cultivation researches onsuper hybrid rice in recent years and point out the single rice culture of China super hybrid rice underdifferent ecological conditions in the south of China. China super hybrid rice has the yield 12 t/hm2,growth duration 130～150 d, spikelet number 5.5× 104～6.0 × 104/m2, LAI 9～10, plant height100～ 110 cm and stronger tillering ability, which shows the potential yield heterosis with adequatepanicle number, large panicles, good coordination between sink and source, high fertilizer tolerantand lodging resistance, the physiological basis of high yielding formation, cultivation environmentsand agronomic techniques under the cultivation conditions of single seedling and sparse planting andincrease in nitrogen fertilizer are made clear. Through systematic researches on growth anddevelopment, dry matter production, tillering ability, root activity, optimum locations and seasons,high yielding path and the technique system for super hybrid rice, In order to exploit the high yieldingpotential of super hybrid rice, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies on the coordinationbetween the adequate panicle number and large panicles and their grain filling percentage in the areasof enzyme, hormone, even at molecular level, as well as the optimization of SRI intensive cultivationtechniques.