长庆原油脱水过程W/O型乳状液的形成与特性

长庆油田油气储运系统沉降罐内油水过渡层加厚,导致净化油含水过高,影响原油正常生产.以长庆靖安油田脱水过程中沉降罐内产生的中间层乳状液为对象,借助显微镜、色谱、X射线衍射仪和X射线能谱仪等技术手段,研究其宏观特性及其分离出的水、油和固相的特性,揭示中间层乳状液的形成机制及其物理特性的影响因素.测试结果：分离出的水中硫质量浓度为35.82 mg/L、总铁45 mg/L,硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）含量为104～105个/mL,污水粒径中值为85.63 μm,沥青质/胶质质量分数为3.78％,固体中FeS含量较高.结果表明：联合站上游集油系统腐蚀严重,乳状液中原油老化严重,固体物质除了因腐蚀而产生的FeS外,还有大量伴随原油开采地层中的石英、长石和粘土等矿物.（表3,图7,参6）

Formation of W/O emulsion during Changqing Crude Oil dehydration and its characteristics

In the oil and gas storage and transportation system of Changqing Oilfield, the oil-water transition zone in the setting tank gets thicker, leading to high water content in purified oil and affecting normal production. Taking the intermediate layer emulsion produced in the settling tank during dehydration for Changqing Jing＇an Oil, with the technical means of microscopy, chromatography, X-ray diffraction and X-ray energy spectrometer, the macroscopic properties of emulsions and properties of separated water, oil and solid were studied, the formation mechanism of intermediate layer emulsion and the factors that affect its＇ physical properties were uncovered. The testing results show that the separated water has a sulphur content of 35.82 mg/L, total iron of 45 mg/L, the number of SRB in 1 mL water of 104 to 105, the mid-value of sewage diameter of 85.63 p.m, the content of asphaltene and resin of 3.78%, with a high content of FeS in solids. The results indicate severe corrosion in upstream gathering system and the serious aging of crude oil in emulsion. In the solids, besides FeS from corrosion, there are also large amount of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, clay from oil production. （3 Tables, 7 Figures, 6 References）