不同温度下单相含蜡原油的蜡沉积规律

针对石油工业中的蜡沉积问题，利用冷指实验装置研究了单相含蜡原油体系冷却液温度、油流温度和同一温差不同温度区间对蜡沉积规律的影响，得到了单相含蜡原油蜡沉积规律的宏观特性，并利用高温气相色谱（HTGC）装置分析沉积物组分的宏观变化。在相同油温条件下，随着冷却液温度的升高，蜡沉积速率减小而沉积物中高碳数组分比例增大；在相同冷却液温度条件下，随着油温从凝点附近增大至析蜡点以上，蜡沉积量先减小后增加最后再减小，沉积物中高碳数组分比例增大；在同一温差条件下，随着温度区间温度的升高，蜡沉积量的变化有波动但油温在析蜡点附近沉积量达到最大值，沉积物中高碳数组分比例一直增大。针对实际管流，环境温度基本恒定，通过升高入口油温减少沉积的发生，因此，在含蜡原油管输中，入口油温的选取对整个管输过程中蜡沉积的形成以及形成后的清理很重要。根据实验结果，入口油温不是越高越好，应保证入口油温低于析蜡点且整个管输过程中高于凝点5℃左右。（图6，参12）

Wax deposition of single-phase waxy crude oil at different temperatures

For wax deposition in the petroleum industry, the influences of coolant temperature, oil flow temperature and different temperature ranges with the same temperature difference of single-phase waxy crude oil system on wax deposition mechanism are discussed by using cold finger experimental apparatus. The macroscopic properties of wax deposition are acquired. Moreover, macro changes of deposition components are analyzed with the help of high temperature gas chromatography （HTGC）. Under the same oil temperature, as the coolant temperature increases, the wax deposition rate decreases while the proportion of high carbon number components in deposition increases. Under the same coolant temperature, as the oil temperature increases from near the condensation point to above the wax precipitation point, wax deposition amount decreases, then increases, and finally decreases, while the proportion of high carbon number components in deposition increases. Under the same temperature difference, as the temperature within the temperature range rises, the amount of wax deposition fluctuates and reaches a maximum when the oil temperature is near the wax precipitation point, and the proportion of high carbon number components in deposition increases constantly. The ambient temperature remains constant in the actual pipe flow and rising inlet oil temperature can reduce the occurrence of deposition. Therefore, in the whole process of waxy crude oil transportation via pipeline, it is of great importance to select inlet oil temperature for the formation of wax deposition as well as the cleaning after the formation. The experimental results indicate that the inlet oil temperature is not as high as possible, and it is guaranteed that the inlet oil temperature is lower than the wax precipitation point and above the condensation point about 5 ~C in the entire pipeline transportation process. （6 Figures, 12 References）