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中国小麦选育品种与地方品种的遗传多样性
引用本文:刘三才,郑殿升,曹永生,宋春华,陈梦英.中国小麦选育品种与地方品种的遗传多样性[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(4):20-24.
作者姓名:刘三才  郑殿升  曹永生  宋春华  陈梦英
作者单位:中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京,100081
基金项目:国家“九五”攻关计划项目
摘    要: :对中国作物种质资源信息系统的小麦资料进行了分析。结果表明 ,我国小麦选育品种和地方品种在 4个穗部性状、5种病害性状、6个农艺和品质性状方面都存在较广泛的遗传多样性。选育品种与地方品种相比 ,遗传多样性总体上略有降低。但遗传变异方向有很大的不同。穗部性状、农艺性状和品质性状除粒色和株高外 ,选育品种变异性呈下降的趋势 ,而病害性状多表现出明显的增加。这似乎表明 ,小麦育种与遗传多样性减少没有必然的联系。我国拥有 1 .3万多份小麦地方品种资源 ,应该提高对地方品种的利用 ,努力挖掘其有用基因 ,扩大现代小麦品种的遗传基础

关 键 词:普通小麦  选育品种  地方品种  遗传多样性
修稿时间:1999-04-30

Genetic Diversity of Landrace and Bred Varieties of Wheat in China
Liu Sancai,Zheng Diansheng,Cao Yongsheng,Song Chunhua,Chen Mengying.Genetic Diversity of Landrace and Bred Varieties of Wheat in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2000,33(4):20-24.
Authors:Liu Sancai  Zheng Diansheng  Cao Yongsheng  Song Chunhua  Chen Mengying
Abstract:Data of Crop Germplasm Database System were analyzed to determine the genetic diversity of landrace and bred varieties of wheat in China.The results show that there is an abundant genetic diversity among varieties in four spikes,five diseases,and six agronomic and qualitative characters.The diversity of bred varieties is slightly less than that of landrace varieties in general,but the direction of the genetic variation has a great difference.Except grain color and plant height,the diversity in spike,agronomic and quality characters of bred varieties has the trends to decrease,but to increase in diseases.It seems that wheat breeding have certainly no relation to reduction of diversity. The utilization of landrace varieties was discussed.
Keywords:Common wheat  Bred variety  Landrace variety  Genetic diversity
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