小麦多品种混播控制条锈病的效果和机理研究

 【目的】研究多品种混播对条锈病的控制效果及其机理,为利用品种混播这种生态控制条锈病的方法应用提供理论依据。【方法】在田间分别设计6个品种单播及其9个组合的混播小区,比较研究条锈病的发生情况和产量差异;并采用TP-M13-SSR技术分析自然发病条件下条锈菌群体的遗传多样性。【结果】多品种混播小区苗期发病中心较少,且发病中心的扩展速度明显受到抑制,在春季流行阶段病情指数显著降低;品种混播以抗-感组合较好,2007年其相对防效平均为73.27%,相对增产率平均为13.26%;混播中组分数目对病害和产量的影响无明显差异;混播小区条锈菌的遗传多样性高于单播小区。【结论】多品种混播对小麦小麦条锈病有较好的控制效果,并可明显降低产量损失;品种多样化有利于条锈菌群体结构的稳定;品种混播可作为生态防病措施之一。

Efficacy and Mechanism of Control of Wheat Stripe Rust by Diversifying Cultivars in Mix-Planting

【Objective】 To provide a theoretical basis for the use of mix-planting as an ecological control method for wheat stripe rust, the control efficacy and mechanism of wheat stripe rust by diversifying cultivars in mix-planting were studied. 【Method】 Six mono-cultivars treatments and nine mix-cultivars treatments were designed and disease incidence, foci numbers and yield per plot were investigated. Furthmore, TP-M13-SSR technique was employed to detect population genetic diversity of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in natural infested wheat in mono-cultivar and mix-cultivar plots. 【Result】 The foci numbers and development of disease at seedling stage were obviously inhibited on mix-cultivar plots compared to mono-cultivar plots. The disease index was significantly decreased during spring epidemical stage on mix-cultivar plots. The mixture planting of resistant and susceptible cultivars showed better efficacy in disease control and more reduction of yield losses. The relative control efficacy was 73.27% and yield increase rate was 13.26%, on the average, compared to mono-cultivar planting. Cultivar numbers in mix-cultivar planting did not showed the obvious effect on disease control and yield production. Population genetic diversity of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici was higher in mix-planting than that in mono-planting. 【Conclusion】 The mix-cultivar planting showed higher control effect on wheat stripe rust and more reduction of yield losses than mono-cultivar planting. The mix-cultivar planting could be used as one of the ecological measures to prevent and control disease.