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不同种植制度下长期施钾与秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤钾素的影响
引用本文:谭德水,金继运,黄绍文,李书田,何萍.不同种植制度下长期施钾与秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤钾素的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):133-139.
作者姓名:谭德水  金继运  黄绍文  李书田  何萍
作者单位:中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室
基金项目:中国-加拿大钾磷研究所(PPI-PPIC)合作项目;国家科技支撑计划
摘    要:【目的】研究施钾和秸秆还田对华北地区不同种植制度下作物产量和耕层土壤钾素状况的影响。【方法】在华北平原的河北潮土和山西褐土上进行连续13年的施钾和秸秆还田试验。【结果】施钾和秸秆还田能增加小麦和玉米产量,处理之间表现为:NPK+St>NPK>NP+St>NP,施钾处理的作物产量与NP处理的产量差异显著,轮作制度下玉米的施钾效应高于小麦。与山西单作制度相比,河北轮作制度下的土壤钾素损耗严重,除NPK+St处理外土壤钾素均表现亏缺。秸秆还田和施用钾肥较NP处理可不同程度提高河北潮土和山西褐土耕层土的水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾、非交换性钾、矿物钾及全钾含量,且降低矿物钾比例的同时提高其余几种形态钾的比例。与定位开始相比,两种类型土壤各形态钾含量和比例随时间变异特点不同,两定位点土壤矿物钾和全钾含量均表现下降。【结论】整体看直接施用化肥钾的效果优于秸秆还田。但从提高作物产量和缓解土壤钾素下降来看,小麦秸秆还田是一个有效的补钾措施。

关 键 词:不同种植制度  长期施钾  秸秆还田  作物产量  土壤钾素
收稿时间:2006-6-23
修稿时间:2006-06-23

Effect of Long-Term Application of K Fertilizer and Wheat Straw to Soil on Crop Yield and Soil K Under Different Planting Systems
TAN De-shui,JIN Ji-yun,HUANG Shao-wen,LI Shu-tian,HE Ping.Effect of Long-Term Application of K Fertilizer and Wheat Straw to Soil on Crop Yield and Soil K Under Different Planting Systems[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(1):133-139.
Authors:TAN De-shui  JIN Ji-yun  HUANG Shao-wen  LI Shu-tian  HE Ping
Institution:Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
Abstract:Based on K fertilizer’s application and straw-returning to soil of Hebei chao soil and Shanxi brown soil in northern China for continuous 13 yeas, effect of K fertilizer’s application and straw-returning to soil on crop yield and status of soil potassium in plough layer under different planting systems was studied. Results showed that K fertilizer and straw could improve yield of wheat and maize, and treatments showed: NPK+St>NPK>NP+St>NP, and treatment of K fertilizer’s application made a notable difference to NP, and efficiency of K fertilizer in maize was higher than in wheat under rotation system of Hebei. By contrast with Shanxi, soil potassium wastage of rotation system in Hebei was more serious, only treatment of NPK+St showed a surplus in soil potassium. K fertilizer and straw could improve content of water-soluble K, non-specifically adsorbed K, non-exchangeable K, mineral K and total K in contrast to NP, however reduce proportion of mineral K and improve others’ in two anchors, but content and proportion of specifically adsorbed K had nothing to do with K fertilizer and straw. Effect of K fertilizer’s application to soil directly was wholly excelled to straw. In contrast to orientation’s beginning, time-variation character of soil potassium’s content and proportion showed a difference between two agrotypes, further more content of mineral K and total K behaved a decrease accordantly in two anchors’ soil.
Keywords:Different planting systems  Long-term application of K fertilizer  Wheat straw to soil  Crop yield  Soil K
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