乔砧富士苹果改良高干开心形树冠郁闭的评判参数

【目的】研究富士苹果改良高干开心形树冠郁闭的评判参数,为苹果郁闭园改造提供理论依据。【方法】以20年生改良高干开心形富士苹果为材料,以树干为中心,将树冠分成不同层次、方位的50cm×50cm×50cm的立方体,在生长期测量树冠不同层次、部位的相对光照强度、不同枝(梢)类型的数量和比例、果实产量和品质分布。【结果】改良高干开心形树冠的相对光照强度呈伞形,并有明显的分布规律,垂直方向从下到上逐渐增大,水平方向外围中部内膛;树冠2.5m高度以下层次的相对光照强度均小于31.48%;6月份叶幕形成阶段,30%的相对光照强度占树冠体积的比例为47.62%,以后各生长阶段均50%;果实主要集中在1.5—2.0m部位,单位面积产量6.32×104kg·hm-2;枝(梢)主要集中在树冠2.5m高度以下,占总枝(梢)量的82.92%,树冠外围、中部和内膛枝(梢)比例分别为53.08%、36.92%、10.00%;整体长、中、短枝(梢)分别7.97%、53.63%、38.41%,每公顷枝(梢)总量为121万条。【结论】富士苹果改良高干开心形树冠内小于30%相对光照强度占树冠总体积的比例达到47.62%、生长季枝(梢)总量达到121万条/hm2和树冠内膛枝(梢)比例小于10%是乔砧富士苹果改良高干开心形树冠郁闭的3个判断指标,也是树体结构开始改造或间伐的时期。

Judgement Parameters of Canopy Overcrowed for Reformative High Trunk Open Centre Shape of Fuji Apple with Standard Rootstock

Objective]The aim of the present experiment is to study the judgement parameter of canopy overcrowed for reformative high trunk open centre shape of Fuji apple with standard rootstock.Method]The canopy was divided into 50 cm×50 cm× 50 cmandthe relative light intensity,type and number of shoots,yield and quality of fruit were measured in different layers and positions of the canopy with twenty-year-old reformative high trunk open centre shape of Fuji apple tree in different growing seasons. Result]The distribution of relative light intensity in the canopy was gradually descended from top to bottom in different layers,and was gradually increased from inner to outer of the canopy in the same layers.The relative light intensity below 2.5m position of the canopy were less than 31.48%.In June when the leaf area first formed,the percent proportion of<30% relative light intensity in volume of the canopy was 47.62%.The yields mainly located in 1.5-2.0 m height of canopy and were calculated by 6.32×10~4 kg·hm~(-2).The branches (shoots) mainly distributed below 2.5 m height of the canopy and was 82.92% of total branches(shoots).The percentage of the branches(shoots) in outer,middle and inner positions of canopy was 53.08%,36.92%,and 10.00%,respectively.The amount of total branches(shoots) and ratios of long,medium,spur shoots were 1.21×10~6 bars/hm~2,7.97%,53.63% and 38.41%,respectively,inovercrowed canopy.Conclusion]There are three judgment parameters of reformative high trunk open centre shape of Fuji apple that the percentage of<30% relative light intensity in volume of the canopy were 47.62%,total branches(shoots) were 1.21×10~6 bars/hm~2 and shoots ratio in inner of canopy was<10%.