三种本地赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫卵的寄生潜能

【目的】大豆食心虫（Leguminivora glycinivorella Matsumura）是中国北方大豆生产上的最重要蛀荚害虫，研究旨在明确3种本地赤眼蜂即黏虫赤眼蜂（Trichogramma leucaniae ）、玉米螟赤眼蜂（T. ostriniae）和螟黄赤眼蜂（T. chilonis）对自然寄主大豆食心虫卵的寄生潜能，为选育优良蜂种、定量评估赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫的控害潜能提供科学依据。【方法】 在室内采用编制以米蛾卵为中间寄主繁育的3种赤眼蜂在大豆食心虫卵上的实验种群生命表的方法，比较分析其在大豆食心虫卵上的繁殖特性以及净增殖率（R₀）、平均世代周期（T）、内禀增长率（rm）、周限增长率（λ）、平均单雌寄生卵数、雌蜂平均寿命和羽化率等寄生特性参数。【结果】螟黄赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂在羽化当日均达到产卵高峰，分别占其总产卵量的68.1%、69.1%和64.0%，随着时间的延长，螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的产卵量呈明显下降趋势，在无任何营养补给时，10.0%的黏虫赤眼蜂雌蜂个体可存活7 d，羽化3 d后，平均单雌寄生10.5粒大豆食心虫卵，占总寄生量的22.5%；黏虫赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的R₀、T、rm和λ分别为24.75、23.78和21.13；9.46、10.34和10.37 d；0.3393、0.3064和0.2941；1.4040、1.3585和1.3419；而3种供试赤眼蜂的平均单雌寄生卵数、平均寿命以及在大豆食心虫卵上的羽化率均无显著差异。综合比较结果显示，黏虫赤眼蜂在大豆食心虫卵上的各项实验种群生命表参数（R₀、T、rm和λ）最好，其次是螟黄赤眼蜂，玉米螟赤眼蜂的表现最差。【结论】黏虫赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫卵有较强的嗜好性和适应性，其主要生殖力特征参数均优于螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂，是寄生大豆食心虫卵的优势蜂种，具有较大的应用前景。

Parasitism Potential of Three Indigenous Trichogramma Species on the Eggs of Soybean Pod Borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella)

【Objective】The soybean pod borer (SPB), Leguminivora glycinivorella Matsumura, is the most serious pest of soybean production in North China. The objective of this study is to determine the parasitism potential of three indigenous Trichogramma species (T. leucaniae, T. ostriniae and T. chilonis) on their natural host eggs of SPB.【Method】The experimental population life tables on SPB eggs were established for each Trichogramma species reared on the eggs of rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica), and the reproductive property parameters of the net reproduction rate (R₀), mean generation time (T), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), number of host eggs parasitized per female, average longevity of female and emergence rate were compared and analyzed. 【Result】 Three Trichogramma species all had the peak of fecundity at the first day after emergence, the percentages of eggs laid in total number were 68.1%, 69.1% and 64.0% for T. chilonis, T. ostriniae and T. leucaniae, respectively. With longevity increasing, T. chilonis and T. ostriniae exhibited a significant decrease in fecundity. Ten percent individuals of T. leucaniae survived for 7 days without any nutrient offered. Per female of T. leucaniae averagely parasitized 10.5 eggs of SPB (22.5% of total parasitization) 3 days after emergence. The R₀, T, rm and λ of T. leucaniae, T. chilonis and T. ostriniae on SPB eggs were 24.75, 23.78 and 21.13; 9.46, 10.34 and 10.37 d; 0.3393, 0.3064 and 0.2941; 1.4040, 1.3585 and 1.3419, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in longevity of female wasps and emergence rate in SPB eggs among the three Trichogramma species. Generally, the reproductive property parameters (R₀, T, rm and λ) of T. leucaniae were more ideal than those of T. chilonis and T. ostriniae. 【Conclusion】 Based on the parameters of life table on their natural hosts of SPB, the present study indicated that T. leucaniae could be a suitable biological control agent for controlling SPB.