畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与品质的影响

 【目的】探讨协同提高产量和稻米品质的灌溉技术。【方法】以扬稻6号（籼稻）和扬粳4038（粳稻）为材料，自移栽至成熟设置畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉（水势达到-15 kPa再灌水）处理，以农民习惯灌溉为对照，研究不同灌溉方式对产量与品质的形成影响。【结果】与对照相比，畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉提高了抗氧化保护酶活性、叶片光合速率、根系氧化力、根系中吲哚-3-乙酸和玉米素+玉米素核苷含量。畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉的产量较农民习惯灌溉增加了6.16%—11.6%。畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉还显著提高了稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、清蛋白、谷蛋白以及稻米淀粉黏滞谱（RVA）的最高黏度和崩解值，降低了垩白米率、垩白大小、垩白度、醇溶蛋白含量和消减值。两品种结果趋势一致。【结论】畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉可以显著提高产量并改善稻米品质，根系和冠层性能的改善是上述两种灌溉方式增加产量和改善稻米品质的重要原因。

Effect of Furrow Irrigation and Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Grain Yield and Quality of Rice

【Objective】Furrow irrigation and alternate wetting and drying irrigation have been considered as two new water-saving techniques in rice production. This study aimed to investigate yield performance in terms of quality and quantity under such practices. 【Method】Two cultivars, Yangdao 6 (an indica hybrid cultivar) and Yangjing 4038 (a japonica cultivar) were field-grown and three treatments were employed from transplanting to maturity: farmers’ traditional flooding as control (FTF), furrow irrigation (FI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD, re-watered when soil water potential reached -15 kPa at 15-20 cm). 【Result】Compared with FTF, both FI and AWD enhanced leaf membrane lipid peroxidation, photosynthetic rate, root activity and contents of indole-3-acetic acid and zeatin+zeatin riboside in roots, and significantly increased yield by 9.43%-11.6% and 6.16%-9.94%, respectively. Both FI and AWD either significantly increased the rates of brown rice, milled rice, head rice and contents of albumin and glutelin proteins, and peak viscosity and breakdown value of rapid visco-analyser (RVA) profiles, and reduced chalky kernels, chalk size, chalkiness and content of prolamin in grain and setback values. The two cultivars showed similar trends in quality and quantity of rice yield.【Conclusion】 Both FI and AWD could increase grain yield and quality. Improvement in root and canopy performance under FI and AWD contributed to a higher grain yield and better quality of rice.