典型生态区保护性耕作主体模式及影响农户采用的因子分析

 【目的】明确中国典型生态区保护性耕作主体模式及农户采用情况，并揭示影响农户采用的因子。【方法】在典型生态类型区－东北平原、华北平原、成都平原、西北绿洲区的保护性耕作技术示范区，通过农户一对一的问卷调查，获取原始数据，统计分析影响农户采用保护性耕作技术的因子。【结果】研究发现，华北平原和成都平原农户保护性耕作采用率较高，东北平原和西北绿洲区相对较低;不同区域均有适应当地生态条件的保护性耕作模式，其中东北平原宽窄行留高茬交替休闲种植及破茬合垄耕作模式、华北平原玉米秸秆还田旋耕播种小麦和小麦秸秆还田免耕直播玉米、成都平原稻草覆盖地免耕种植小麦或油菜或马铃薯等作物的保护性耕作模式具有明显的增产效果。数据分析表明，作物产量增加、政府示范与宣传引导、邻里效应等是吸引农户采用保护性耕作技术的主要原因，而机具不配套则在一定程度上阻碍了保护性耕作技术的应用。【结论】由于不同区域的生态因子和生产条件的差异，保护性耕作技术的推广应用要因地制宜，针对主要限制因子，选择合适的技术模式，采用有效的宣传推广手段，促进保护性耕作技术的发展。

Analysis of Conservation Tillage Pattern and the Factors Influencing Farmers Adoption in Typical Ecological Region in China

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to understand the conservation tillage modes and farmers’ adoption, and to reveal the factors influencing farmer adoption. 【Method】 A face-to-face investigations on peasant household were carried out in main demonstration area of conservation tillage of typical ecological region: the Northeast China plain, the North China plain, the Chengdu plain, and the Northwest China oasis. The original data were obtained and the cognition of peasant households on conservation tillage technology was analyzed. 【Result】 Results of research indicate that the conservation tillage adoption rate is higher in the North China plain and the Chengdu plain, the conservation tillage adoption rate is lower in Northeast China plain and the Northwest China oasis. There are some adaptive conservation tillage types in different areas. These tillage types are wide-row and narrow-row rotation planting and leaving high stubble and cutting stubble combined with ridge of tillage mode in the Northeast China plain, rotary tillage seeding technique for sowing wheat under the best row of the corn stalk, no-tillage seeding technique for sowing corn and others under the best row of the whole wheat stalk in the North China plain, no-tillage seeding technique for sowing wheat and others under the best row of the whole rice stalk in Chengdu plain. They have obvious effect on yield increase. The data show that yield increase, government’s demonstration and guide, the example of neighborhood are major factors attracting farmer adopting conservation tillage technology. However, no-matching equipment inhibited the extension of conservation tillage technology. 【Conclusion】 The extension of conservation tillage measures and modes should be determined according to different regional conditions and main limiting factors because of the different ecological factors and productive conditions. The conservation tillage technology should be popularized and developed.