利用诱集寄主苘麻防治B型烟粉虱的研究

【目的】 利用烟粉虱对寄主植物苘麻的嗜好趋性,研究棉花和大豆田的苘麻诱杀B型烟粉虱的技术体系。【方法】设计了不同播种期、种植方式和配套施药方法来研究苘麻对烟粉虱的诱集防治效果。【结果】在棉花和大豆的整个生长期间，苘麻对烟粉虱均有极显著的诱集作用，但不同播期苘麻的诱集效果差别明显。在棉花和大豆生长早期，烟粉虱最先在早播的苘麻上发生，诱集效果达85.2%；中播和晚播苘麻对棉花和大豆生长中、后期的烟粉虱诱集效果显著，分别达到93.3%和95.4%。苘麻植株在田间分散程度和诱集效果呈正相关，单棵插花种植苘麻的诱集效果分别是片状种植和条带种植苘麻的7倍和3倍。配套施药试验结果表明，苘麻喷洒25%阿克泰水分散粒剂、5%锐劲特悬浮剂、25%扑虱灵可湿性粉剂、10%高渗高效氯氰菊酯乳油和25%高渗辛硫磷乳油7 d 后对烟粉虱成虫和幼虫的防治效果分别为21.76%～97.57%和27.02%～74.77%，以阿克泰和锐劲特防治效果最佳。【结论】基于播种期、种植方式和配套合理的药剂防治的苘麻诱集方法对生态调控棉田和大豆田中的烟粉虱发挥了积极的作用。

Evaluation of Piemarker Abutilon theophrasti Medic as a Trap Plant in the Integrated Management of Bemisia tabaci (biotype B) in Cotton and Soybean Crops

【Objective】Piemarker Abutilon theophrasti Medic as a trap plant in the integrated management of Bemisia tabaci (biotype B) in cotton and soybean crops was evaluated during 2004-2005 in Langfang, Hebei Province.【Method】Effects of piemarker as a trap plant were investigated through different planting dates, planting types and insecticide application on the piemarker plants. 【Result】Piemarker plants showed strong attraction to the whitefly adults, with significant differences among the treatments planted on different dates. The whiteflies were firstly found on the early planting piemarker with an attractive rate of 85.2% in early period of cotton/soybean growth, while the piemarker plants sowed in middle and late dates presented high efficiencies to the pest (93.3% and 95.4%) in middle and late season, respectively. There was a positive relationship between the uniformity degree of the piemarker distribution in field and attractive rate. The attractive efficiency from single interplanting piemarker was 3-fold and 7-fold high as compared to the planting types of the strip interplanting and plot interplanting. The insecticide application of 25% thiamethoxam WDG, 5% fipronnil SC, 25% buprofezin WP, 10% beta-cyperethrin LC, and 25% phoxim LC on piemarker plants, showed different control effects on sucking insect pests in cotton fields. The control efficiency ranged from 21.76% - 97.57% for the adult and 27.02% - 74.77% for the nymphs, respectively. Among the insecticides tested, 25% thiamethoxam WDG and 5% fipronnil SC gave best results in terms of maximum mortality of this pest in cotton and soybean crops.【Conclusion】Piemarker as a trap plant in cotton and soybean field can play an important role in the integrated management of B. tabaci.