重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号超高产生理特性

【目的】探明籼粳杂交稻甬优6号的重穗、超高产与生理特性的关系。【方法】以重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号、轻穗型常规晚粳稻秀水63和中穗型籼型杂交晚稻汕优63为试验材料,进行组合(品种)间物质生产过程中的"源、流、库"等生理特性的对比考查与测定,研究和探讨甬优6号超高产的生理特性。【结果】重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号突出的生理特性是:①"源足",表现为叶面积指数大、叶片功能期较长、叶绿素含量多、叶片光合速率高、比叶重和粒叶比较大;②"流畅",为齐穗期单株茎鞘物质向成熟期的穗部输出量大、输出率和转换率高;③"库大",为单位面积总颖花量和有效颖花量多、库容量大、穗重5g以上;④"根强",为次生根发达、根量大、根活力强、根冠比值高,为地上部生长健壮抗倒、活熟到老并实现超高产提供根本保障。【结论】从重穗型的甬优6号优良生理特性得到启示:为实现籼粳杂交稻的超高产目标,育种者在选择亲本,尤其是筛选F1代时,应着重鉴别亲本、新组合物质生产过程中"源、流、库"的协调性,以及根冠比值的适宜大小。

Analysis on Physiological Properties of the Heavy Panicle Type of Indica-Japonica Inter-subspecific Hybrid Rice Yongyou 6

【Objective】 This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between heavy panicle, super-high-yield and physiological properties of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice Yongyou 6. 【Method】 A continuing experiment was conducted to evaluate the temperature and light response characteristic, source-translocation-sink characteristic and other physiological properties with the heavy type of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice variety Yongyou 6, the light panicle type of conventional late japonica rice variety Xiushui 63, and the middle panicle type of late indica hybrid rice variety, Shanyou 63 during 2003-2008. 【Result】 The results showed that compared to conventional late japonica rice Xiushui 63 (light panicle type, CK1) and late indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 (middle panicle type, CK2), the heavy panicle type of indica-japonica inter-subspecific bybrid rice Yongyou 6 have many outstanding physiological properties as follows: (1) Strong source that characterized with larger LAI, longer functional period of leaf, higher chlorophyll content of leaf, higher photosynthetic rate of functional leaves, higher specific leaf weight and grain-leaf ratio; (2) Efficient flow that characterized with higher output, output rate and translocation rate of dry matter in single stem and sheath of rice; (3) Greater sink that characterized with increased gross spikelet number, effective spikelet number per unit area, higher yield capacity and heavier single panicle weight (about 5 g); (4) Stronger root system that characterized with developed secondary roots, more roots, higher root activity and higher root/shoot ratio which enhanced the lodging resistance and yield. 【Conclusion】 In order to increase the yield of new indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice combinations, the breeders have to cooperate with researchers of relevant subjects at the early stage during the parents selection, especially hybrid F1 selection, to evaluate the source-translocation-sink characteristic and root/shoot ratio of parents and new combinations.