快速导入小麦多个优质HMW-GS基因方法和效果的研究

 采用回交转育、特异性PCR分子标记辅助选育与蛋白质电泳筛选，结合温室和大田种植，将Soissons携带的多个优质HMW-GS基因导入高产小麦品系1718。特异性PCR检测BC1、BC2、BC3和BC3F1代随机群体的Dx5基因分布符合1对等位基因的遗传分离比例1:1；从BC2代到BC3F2代，结合HMW-GSDx5基因分子标记辅助选育和其它农艺性状常规选择，筛选出携带优质HMW-GSDx5基因、又与轮回亲本农艺性状相似的单株后，进行回交或者自交；在BC3F2代中已获得携带优质HMW-GSDx5基因、农艺性状稳定、且又与轮回亲本相似的株系1718-4；在BC3F2后代中，蛋白质电泳筛选出携带1、7+8、5+10亚基的单株1718-4-6和1718-4-10。两新品系1718-4-6和1718-4-10保留了轮回亲本高产特性，且品质性状明显提高。在聚合多种优质HMW-GS基因和改良高产小麦品系品质育种中，回交转育、HMW-GS基因分子标记辅助选育与高代蛋白质电泳筛选相结合是一种定向、快速、有效的育种途径。

Method and Its Effect of Rapid Introduction of HMW-GS Genes with Good Baking Properties into High-Yielding Wheat Line

In order to introduce HMW-GS genes with good quality properties into high-yielding wheat line 1718 from wheat line Soissons, backcross breeding, PCR-based approach and SDS-PAGE method had been used in wheat segregating progenies grown in field and greenhouse. The results showed that the heredity of the Dx5 gene in random progeny of BC1, BC2, BC3, BC3F1 completely accorded with hereditary rule of a pair of genes and its proportion was 1:1. The plants with Dx5 genes in BC2, BC3, BC3F1, BC3F2 were detected with PCR-based approach, backcrossed and self-inbred after other agronomic characters had been selected. The lines with Dx5 genes were found in BC3F2 progeny by methods as in BC3F2. The morphological characters of line1718-4 were similar to those of the recurrent parent 1718 and also were uniform. 1718-4-6 and 1718-4-10 which carried HMW-GS 1, 7+8, 5+10 were selected from line1718-4 by using SDS-PAGE. Two new lines still retained high-yielding character of their recurrent parent 1718. Their most quality properties were better than that of 1718. The combination of PCR-based approach, SDS-PAGE method with backcross breeding is proposed as a directional, quick, efficient procedure for converging many good HMW-GS genes onto higher yielding lines and improving their genotypes with good quality properties.