播种方式对丘陵旱地套作小麦立苗质量、产量及效益的影响

【目的】西南冬麦区小麦主要分布于丘陵旱地并与玉米等作物间套种植，机械化程度低，种植效益差。测试以微耕机驱动的小型播种机播种性能与适应性，为提高播种立苗质量和效益奠定基础。【方法】2010—2011、2011—2012年在丘陵旱地不同土壤类型上进行不同播种方式对小麦播种立苗、生长发育、产量建成及经济效益的影响研究。设计处理包括：对照（旋耕整地+人工挖窝播种、施肥），2B-4机播（播前施肥旋耕+机械化播种），2BFS-4（旋耕整地+机械化一次性播种施肥）。【结果】处理之间立苗质量差异在播种阶段干旱较重的2010—2011年度表现最为明显，2B-4处理出苗较快较匀，生育前期、中期的个体与群体质量显著优于对照和2BFS-4处理，不同土壤类型上的表现趋势基本一致。2B-4、2BFS-4处理的播种效率显著高于对照，播种成本显著低于对照，其不同年份、不同土壤类型的平均产量，分别比对照增产12.7%和8.9%，平均年纯收益分别对照提高70.6%和50.6%。【结论】综合立苗质量、产量、效益及年份效应，2B-4型单播机是适宜丘陵旱地生产条件的成熟小麦播种机，值得大力推广应用。

Effects of Sowing Patterns on Establishment Quality,Grain Yield and Production Benefit of Intercropping Wheat in Hilly Countries

【Objective】Southwestern region is one of the most important wheat production areas in China where wheat concentrates mainly in hilly regions and intercrops with maize or other crops with low mechanization and benefit. Its crucial for boosting regional wheat industry to increase mechanization level of wheat production.【Method】Experiments on different soil types in hilly region of Sichuan basin were conducted during wheat growing seasons in 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 to test the performance and adaptability of small planter driven by micro-cultivator. Treatments included CK (i.e. Sparse-Great Hill which means few hills per unit area but many seeds in a hill and all operations are completed by hands), 2B-4 seeder (only sowing seeds without fertilizing function) and 2BFS-4 seeder (with both sowing and fertilizing functions). 【Result】 A significant difference in establishment quality of wheat was observed in 2010-2011 growing season with dry condition during sowing period. 2B-4 had faster emergence, more uniform distribution of seedlings, and higher quality of individuals and community at early and middle growing stages than other treatments, with a similar trend between two soil types. Seeding efficiency of 2B-4 and 2BFS-4 was significantly higher than that of CK, but their seeding cost was significantly lower than that of CK. Mean grain yields of 2B-4 and 2BFS-4 over growing seasons and soil types were higher than CK by 12.7% and 8.9%, and their mean net benefits were higher than CK by 70.6% and 50.6%, respectively. 【Conclusion】2B-4 was a mature seeding type and worthy of application for hilly fields of Southwestern China based on grain yield, benefit and adaptability.