硼、氮、钾营养水平对油菜吸收硼、籽粒品质及产量的影响

 本文研究了硼、氮、钾施用水平对不同品种油菜（Brassica napus L.）吸收硼、籽粒品质及产量的影响。试验证明：⑴B、N、K不同营养水平显著影响51双低、84-1低硫、浙引84-7双低油菜及九二-13系常规油菜对硼的吸收，在土壤缺硼或低氮施硼条件下，钾抑制硼的吸收，但在高氮施硼条件下，叶片含硼量随钾肥用量的增加而增加。⑵油菜叶片是施用硼肥反应的敏感部位、油菜籽粒产量与土壤水溶性硼及叶片含硼量均有密切相关，但后者比前者相关性更显著，r=0.8779，显著性达1%。⑶施硼并提高N、K水平对油菜的生长、CO#-2同化率、硝酸还原酶活性（NRA）及干物质积累有明显的促进作用。⑷甘蓝型油菜不同品系的硫甙、芥酸含量差异很大，其含量随硼、钾施用水平的提高有降低的趋势，油脂含量却有相应的增加；但氮肥的作用相反。⑸硼、氮、钾三者协调施用对油菜籽粒产量有明显的增产效果，田间试验证明，在等氮、磷条件下，以K#-（3）B#-2配合处理产量最高，K#-（2）B#-1、K#-（2）B# -2处理的产量居次，经LSR统计分析与其它处理比较达5%显著性差异。

INFLUENCES OF B, N and K NUTRITIONAL LEVEL ON B UPTAKE, QUALITY AND YIELD OF RAPESEED

Field and pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of B, N and K supply level on B uptake, physiological activities, quality and yield of different rapeseed varieties or lines. The results obtained were summarized as follows:(1) It was showed that addition of B to the soils increased the B content of different organs of rapeseeds. Potassium influenced negatively the B uptake by the rapeseeds under B deficiency or high B and low N supply level in soils, while influenced positively when N supply level was higher.(2) The rapeseeds yields were found to be positively and significantly correlated with both water soluble B in soils and B contents of the leaves, and the latter was much more significant (r:0.878, P:1%). We also found that the leaf was the most sensitive part to B application among the organs of rapeseed.(3) B application combined with N and K fertilization promoted effectively the rapeseeds growth, enhanced CO_2 assimilation rate and NRA of the leaves, and thus raised the dry matter accumulation.(4) The content of glucosinolate, erucic acid in grain varied much among the rapeseed varieties or lines, and decreased in most of them with increasing K and B supply level in soils, while the content of the fat correspondingly raised. However, the opposite effects were found with increasing N fertilization.(5) It was found that combined fertilization of B with N and K increased obviously the rapeseed yield. The results from field experiments showed that when the proportion of N and P application was equal, the top yield was obtained with the treatment of K_3B_2, then comes the subtop yield was K_2B_1 and K_2B_2, respectively, and they all reached statistically significant level (p=0.05) by L.S.R. test, compared with the other treatments.