不同水平维生素A对意大利蜜蜂春繁阶段群势及幼虫抗氧化性的影响

【目的】研究日粮中添加不同水平维生素A对意大利蜜蜂春繁阶段群势和幼虫虫体抗氧化活性的影响。【方法】春繁开始时选用本地意大利蜜蜂25群（群内无花粉贮备），随机分为5组，分别饲喂添加了不同水平维生素A的试验日粮，维生素A水平分别为0、5 000、10 000、15 000、20 000 IU?kg-1，并测定各组蜂群群势及幼虫抗氧化活性。【结果】春繁阶段饲粮中维生素A添加水平对意大利蜜蜂群势及取食量有显著影响。在试验期末，维生素A水平为10 000 IU?kg-1组群势显著高于对照组和其它试验组（P＜0.05）；饲喂维生素A水平为10 000和15 000 IU?kg-1饲料时5日龄幼虫虫体抗氧化活性（总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、总超氧化物岐化酶（T-SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性）显著高于对照组和其它试验组（P＜0.05），丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于对照组和其它试验组（P＜0.05）；除维生素A水平为15 000 IU?kg-1组外，10 000 IU?kg-1组工蜂初生重显著高于对照组和其它试验组（P＜0.05）。【结论】意大利蜜蜂春繁阶段适宜的维生素A添加水平（10 000—15 000 IU?kg-1）有利于蜂群群势的增长和抗氧化能力的提高。

Effect of Different Levels of Vitamin A on the Colony Development and Larvae Antioxidation of Apis mellifera ligustica During the Period of Spring Multiplication

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the effect of different levels of vitamin A on the population and larvae antioxidation of A. mellifera ligustica during the period of spring multiplication. 【Method】 Twenty-five colonies of honeybees (no pollen in colonies) from a local apiary were used in the study. The honeybee colonies were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 5 replicaties for each. The 5 groups of honeybees were fed with basal diet with supplementation of vitamin A at the levels of 0 (group 1), 5 000 (group 2), 10 000 (group 3), 15 000 (group 4) and 20000 IU?kg-1 (group 5), respectively. The colony development and antioxidant activities of larvae of the 5 groups were evaluated. 【Result】 During the period of spring multiplication, there were significant differences in colony development and feeding amounts of the groups fed with different levels of vitamin A. The colony development of group 3 was significantly faster than the control group and other experimental groups (P＜0.05) at the end of trial. The antioxidant activities (T-SOD, CAT and T-AOC) of 5-day-old larvae of group 3 and group 4 were significantly higher than the control and other experimental groups (P＜0.05). The content of MDA was significantly lower than the control and other experimental groups (P＜0.05). Except for group 4, the workers’ emergent weight of group 3 was significantly higher than the control and other experimental groups (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】Optimal diet vitamin A supplementation (10 000-15 000 IU?kg-1) will increase the population of bee colony and antioxidant activities of larvae of A. mellifera ligustica during the period of spring multiplication.