最优化技术在确定最佳施肥量提高农产品品质上的应用

 农产品的品质，无论是加工品质和贮藏品质，还是食用品质，作为一个综合概念，均与一系列的品质性状有关。要想通过合理施肥，既使产品的质量满足消费者特别是加工和销售部门对产品品质的特殊需求，又能获得最大的经济效益，将涉及到在复杂的农业生物系统中综合目标的实现。本研究应用优化控制的方法，在微机上建立了非线性数学优化模型。优化计算的实例显示，利用优化模型可以迅速方便地计算出既能达到所要求的农产品品质指标，又能获得最大经济效益的最佳NPK施肥量。与其他方法相比较，由于优化模型一方面考虑到了NPK三种主要营养元素对作物生长的复合作用；另一方面，应用了多项产量和品质参数来衡量作物的肥效反应，因而较现行确定施肥量的方法有更大的可靠性。此外，利用这一优化模型既可以评价作物的肥效效应，又可以确定获得期望达到的生长效应所需要的NPK施肥量，故较目前常见的模拟模型有更多的功用。

FERTILIZER DETERMINATION BY OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE CROP QUALITY

Crop quality, either the processing quality, the storage quality or the nutritional quality is concerned with multiple quality characteristics of the crop produce. The improvement of crop quality by rational fertilization is, therefore, related with realizing an integrated goal in an agricultural system complex. For solving this problem, optimization techniques have been tried and a nonlinear optimization model has been developed. Examples of optimizing calculation demonstrated that by using the developed model the optimal NPK-fertilizer supplies can be quickly calculated, through which both the maximal economic benifit and the special crop quality expected by consumers or processing industries can be obtained. In comparison with the conventional method to determine fertilizer requirements, optimization model should be of more reliability, because, firstly, the integrated effect of three main nutrient elements on crop growth has been considered in the model and, secondly, a series of yield and quality parameters have been applied to evaluate influences of fertilization on crops. In comparison with the usual simulation model, optimization model has more functions, because not only crop responses to fertilization can be simulated but also the optimal decision to realize an integrated goal can be made by using such a model.