首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     检索      

长期定位施肥对稻麦轮作农田土壤杂草种子库的影响
引用本文:蒋敏,沈明星,施林林,沈新平,戴其根.长期定位施肥对稻麦轮作农田土壤杂草种子库的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(3):555-563.
作者姓名:蒋敏  沈明星  施林林  沈新平  戴其根
作者单位:1. 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所/农业部苏州水稻土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,江苏苏州215155;扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009
2. 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所/农业部苏州水稻土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,江苏苏州,215155
3. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州,225009
基金项目:国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030-06)
摘    要:【目的】解析长期不同施肥措施下稻麦两熟制农田土壤杂草种子库的异构性及其养分影响因素,为稻麦高产与杂草控制协同的养分管理提供依据。【方法】以太湖地区31年的长期肥料定位试验土壤为材料,采用镜检法对不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮肥加磷肥(NP)、氮肥加钾肥(NK)、磷肥加钾肥(PK)、氮磷钾3种肥料配施(NPK)6个不同施肥处理的表层土壤(0—15 cm)中杂草种子的种类进行鉴定并计数,分析Simpson指数,Shannon指数,Richness指数和Evenness指数,并进行冗余分析和相关分析。【结果】(1)各个处理的鸭舌草、陌上菜、水苋菜、酸模叶蓼、牛毛毡、异型莎草的种子密度都较大,成为危害太湖地区稻麦生长的主要优势杂草种群。(2)氮肥施入使大部分杂草种子数量下降。磷肥施入使牛毛毡种子数量显著下降,鸭舌草种子数量显著增加。(3)NPK处理的物种数及群落丰富度指数最高(P<0.05),而均匀度指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数则显著低于其余处理(P<0.05)。【结论】长期氮、磷、钾肥料单一或配合施用可显著影响稻麦两熟制农田杂草种子库的群落组成,其中施氮显著降低农田杂草种子密度,磷、钾肥则影响了不同杂草种子在各处理中的数量。

关 键 词:土壤杂草种子库    长期施肥    稻麦轮作    群落结构
收稿时间:2012-06-13

Changes in Weed Seed Bank Community of Agricultural Soils in Rice-Wheat Rotation Field Due to Long-Term Fertilization
JIANG Min,SHEN Ming-Xing,SHI Lin-Lin,SHEN Xin-Ping,DAI Qi-Gen.Changes in Weed Seed Bank Community of Agricultural Soils in Rice-Wheat Rotation Field Due to Long-Term Fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(3):555-563.
Authors:JIANG Min  SHEN Ming-Xing  SHI Lin-Lin  SHEN Xin-Ping  DAI Qi-Gen
Institution:1.Agricultural Sciences Research Institute of Taihu Lake District/Suzhou Key Station of Scientific Observation & Experiment of Paddy Field Eco-environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Suzhou 215155, Jiangsu; 2. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
Abstract:【Objective】Characterizing the long-term effect of fertilization on weed seed bank community will aid in developing sustainable weed management practices and promoting crop yield.【Method】Weed seed bank was measured within a long-term fertilization from 1980 in the Taihu Lake region. Inorganic fertilizer treatments were selected as follows: CK (no fertilizer), N (N fertilizer), NP (N plus P fertilizer), NK (N plus P fertilizer), PK (P plus K fertilizer) and NPK (N plus P and K fertilizers). Weed seed density and community surveys were conducted and bio-diversity indices including Simpson index, Shannon index, Richness index, Evenness index were also calculated, at the same time, redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlation analysis were executed to mining the relationship between fertilizer management and weed seed bank.【Result】Seed densities of Monochoriav aginalis, Lindernia procumbens, Ammannia baccifera, Polygonum lapathifolium, Eleocharis yokoscensis, and Cyperus were high and dominant in different treatments, these weeds did a lot of damage to the growth of crops. Most of the weed seed densities decreased when nitrogen fertilizer was applied, the density of E. yokoscensis decreased when phosphorus fertilizer was applied while the density of M. aginalis increased. The number of species and richness index of NPK treatment were the highest (P<0.05), but its evenness index, Shannon index and Simpson index were significantly lower than those of the other treatments.【Conclusion】Long-term fertilization had changed the weed seed bank community in local area. The seed density decreased significantly when nitrogen fertilizer was applied. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had effects on the number of different weed species in the field.
Keywords:weed seed bank  long-term fertilization  rice-wheat rotation  community structure
本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》下载免费的PDF全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号