调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响

【目的】了解调亏灌溉（regulated deficit irrigation,RDI）技术对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响，为酿酒葡萄节水灌溉技术提供理论依据。【方法】在大田条件下，以葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.) 欧亚种酿酒品种赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon）、品丽珠(Cabernet Franc）和黑比诺（Pinot Noir）为试材，以不同的灌水量进行调亏灌溉，对葡萄生长及果实品质进行比较分析。【结果】在RDI条件下，酿酒葡萄的副梢发生率、枝条生长量显著降低；随着调亏程度的加大其叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈下降趋势，但水分利用效率显著提高；调亏灌溉对葡萄果粒大小和产量无明显影响，但果实中可溶性固形物及还原糖含量增加，总酸含量降低，糖酸比升高；另外，轻度的调亏灌溉有利于葡萄皮中酚类物质含量的提高。【结论】调亏灌溉在节约用水的前提下，既有效抑制酿酒葡萄的营养生长，又提高了果实品质。

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) on Wine Grape Growth and Fruit Quality

【Objective】 Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) technique was used to study the influence of wine grape growth and fruit quality. 【Method】Under the field conditions, with the Eurasian species wine grape (Vitis vinifera, L.) Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Pinot Noir as test materials, different amounts of irrigation were used as regulated deficit irrigation. And then different irrigation treatments were compared and analyzed for grape growth and fruit quality. 【Result】 Under the RDI conditions, the incidence of grapes side shoots was reduced and shoot growth was inhibited. With the deficit degree aggravated, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were decreased, but the water use efficiency increased significantly. The regulated deficit irrigation had no significant influence on grape fruit size and yield. RDI increased the fruit soluble solid content, reducing sugar content and the ratio of sugar to acid, but decreased the total acid content. In addition, the mild RDI is conducive to increase phenolic substance content in the grape skin like tannin.【Conclusion】Regulated deficit irrigation on the premise of saving water not only inhibited the vigitative growth of wine grape, but also improved fruit quality.