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中国农田管理土壤碳汇估算
引用本文:金琳,李玉娥,高清竹,刘运通,万运帆,秦晓波,石锋.中国农田管理土壤碳汇估算[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(3):734-743.
作者姓名:金琳  李玉娥  高清竹  刘运通  万运帆  秦晓波  石锋
作者单位:中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室,北京,100081
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)
摘    要: 【目的】长期大规模翻耕和秸秆燃烧造成土壤有机质(SOM)大量损失,使农田成为温室气体的一个排放源。然而,近年来,随着免耕技术的逐步推广、秸秆还田面积的增加,加上施肥、灌溉等农田管理措施的应用,农田土壤有机碳(SOC)储量有所回升,预计其将成为温室气体的吸收汇。本文通过分析各种农田管理措施下土壤有机碳(SOC)的变化量,估算中国农田管理土壤碳汇量,为制定中国农田温室气体清单提供科学参考。【方法】通过查阅相关文献著作等,构建农田管理情景,分析各管理措施长期定位试验土壤有机碳变化量的数据。根据中国农作制的分区,估算各区域及水田、旱地农田管理下的碳汇量,并与政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)制定的2006IPCC国家温室气体排放清单指南中农田仍为农田的层次(Tier)2方法的估算结果进行比较。最后用Meta分析法估算中国农田管理土壤碳汇量。【结果】不同农田管理措施对土壤碳的影响不同。各种措施表现为化肥与有机肥配施的增碳作用最大,达到0.889 tC?ha-1?a-1;其次为秸秆还田、施有机肥和免耕,分别为0.597、0.545、0.514 tC?ha-1?a-1;施化肥的作用最不明显,仅为0.129 tC?ha-1?a-1。这一结果明显高于IPCC Tier2方法估算的结果。研究还揭示,不同管理措施在不同区域对土壤有机碳变化的影响存在一定的差异,黄淮海区、长江上中游区和西南区增加量较大,东北区增加量较小,在施化肥条件下东北黑土SOC甚至有降低的趋势。土壤有机碳的年增长率和初始值之间呈很好的负相关,由此可得出不同管理措施下农田土壤有机碳的平衡值及固碳潜力。【结论】农田管理措施中,配施、秸秆还田、施有机肥和免耕可以在很大程度上提高土壤SOC含量。其中,配施和秸秆还田的固碳潜力较大。

关 键 词:中国  农田管理  土壤碳汇  IPCC  Tier2  Meta分析
收稿时间:2007-07-12
修稿时间:2007-10-30

Estimate of Carbon Sequestration Under Cropland Management in China
JIN Lin,LI Yu-e,GAO Qing-zhu,LIU Yun-tong,WAN Yun-fan,QIN Xiao-bo,SHI Feng.Estimate of Carbon Sequestration Under Cropland Management in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(3):734-743.
Authors:JIN Lin  LI Yu-e  GAO Qing-zhu  LIU Yun-tong  WAN Yun-fan  QIN Xiao-bo  SHI Feng
Abstract:【Objective】For a long time, largely conventional tillage and burning straw cause much losses of Soil Organica Matter(SOM), which makes cropland be an emission source of Greenhouse Gas(GHG). In recent years, with no-tillage and straw returning being extended largely, as well as extensively using cropland management such as fertilizing and irrigating, organic carbon in cropland is rising again. It is supposed that cropland will be an important sink of GHG. By analyzing the change of soil organic carbon(SOC) under cropland management, carbon sequestration by cropland management in China was estimated and the character of carbon sink under cropland management in China was pointed.【Method】By reviewing lots of references and analyzing the change of SOC under cropland management in long-term experiment, we conceived cropland management scenarios. Meantime, according the areas partitioned by farming system in China, the quantity of carbon sink under cropland management was estimated and compared with the result of IPCC good practice guidance (GPG) Tier 2. Last, we used meta-analysis to estimate carbon sequestration by croplang management in China. 【Result】The total Chinese cropland carbon sink is 16.8~115.6Tg/a. It is different that SOC is influenced under different management in different area. Relationship between the annual ratio of SOC and original value in types of cropland management was analyzed. Both of them have distinct negative correlation. Saturation value of SOC is different under different managements.【Conclusion】The best management that increases SOC is using fertilizer and manure together. Next is straw returning, using manure and no-tillage. The last is using fertilizer, which even decreases the SOC. Last, We pointed the character of carbon sink under cropland management in China. Comparing with others, carbon sequestration of no-tillage, straw returning and using fertilizer and manure together is more.
Keywords:China  Cropland management  Soil carbon sink  IPCC Tier2  Meta-Analysis
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