肥料和密度对寒地高产玉米源库性状及产量的调节作用

 采用4因素最优试验设计,探讨了肥料和密度对玉米源库性状和产量的调节作用。结果表明,密度和氮肥对玉米的源库性状影响较大,而钾肥和磷肥较小,4个因素变化的效应曲线均呈抛物线状。密度的影响在群体和个体源库性状上表现不同。库源比既受肥料水平的影响,也受密度的影响。当产量在极低水平到高产水平之间变化时,库源比与产量间呈正相关,但在高产阶段,产量与库源比间相关不显著甚至呈负相关。说明库源比在环境与作物相互影响过程中,不断进行源库的动态变化调节。密度对玉米产量的影响最大,其次是氮肥。在-γ水平下,磷、钾肥的产量效应主要是

Regulation of Fertilizer and Density on Sink and Source Traits and Yield of Maize

A adopts 4-factor-optimum-test-designs was used in the study to investigate the effects of fertilizers and plant density on source and sink traits,as well as yield in maize.The result indicates that the source and sink traits of maize were mainly affected by plant density and nitrogen fertilizer, and the influence of potassium and phosphorus were relatively small. Each effect in four factors all could be expressed by parabola equation. The effects of density on source traits or sink traits were different between individual and population. Sink: source ratio could be affected by plant density or fertilizer supply level. In general, with the increasing of yield from very low to high, the positive relationship between yield and sink : source ratio was found, but in high-yielding interval, the relationship was not significant or even negative. It means that sink : source ratio was changing by self-regulation in plant while influence each other between environment and crop. The effect of plant density on grain yield ranged first among the four factors, and nitrogen ranked the second. The mainy effects of phosphorus and potassium on yield were negative at the -y level. The effects of all the four factors could be fitted with parabola at the zero level. There is an obvious mutual effect between fertilizer and density,and the optimum proportion of N : p : K is 2 : 1 : 1.3.