河南省主要玉米品种杂种优势利用模式分析

【目的】分析河南省主要玉米品种杂种优势的利用模式。【方法】利用玉米基因组的143对SSR引物，从中筛选出均匀覆盖玉米染色体组的95对多态性引物，对河南省主要审（认）定品种的亲本及少数其它自交系进行PCR扩增，用UPGMA法对自交系进行聚类分析，同时对河南省审定品种及部分外引品种在1981～2003年的利用情况进行统计分析。【结果】（1）河南省审（认）定品种的主要自交系可分为Reid、温热、四平头、旅大红骨、Lancaster和综合种选系6个类群,与系谱分析基本吻合；(2)河南省玉米生产上利用的杂优模式主要有12种，其中Reid×唐四平头、Lan.×旅大红骨两种主要模式的应用面积分别为26.47%和20.62%，约占河南省玉米累计推广面积的47%；Reid×旅大红骨占9.41%；而温热×其它（综合种选系或Reid等）占9.07%，是一种新的杂种优势模式。【结论】20多年来，河南玉米生产上利用的12种杂优模式中，Reid×唐四平头和Lan.×旅大红骨是两种最主要的模式，应用面积约占1/2。

Analysis of Heterotic Patterns of Maize Hybrids Used in China's Henan Province

【Objcetive】The purpose of this study is to analyze the heterotic pattern of maize hybrids used in Henan Province. 【Method】Simple sequence repeat (SSR) was used to study genetic diversity of the parents of some maize hybrids approved in China′s Henan Province and some other inbred lines. A total of 143 SSR primer pairs were tested, from which 95 primer pairs that evenly distributed on maize genome were selected for genotyping the inbred lines. Cluster analysis of the inbred lines was performed by using UPGMA method. The heterotic patterns of hybrids approved in Henan Province as well as introduced ones were also analyzed based on the planting areas of the hybrids in Henan Province from 1981 to 2003. 【Result】 The results showed that: (1) most of the inbred lines used for making hybrids approved in Henan could be divided into six groups, i.e. Reid, Tem-tropic, SiPT, LvDHG, Lancaster and Synthetic, based on Nei-Li's genetic distances, which agreed with the result from pedigree analysis; (2) there were 12 heterotic patterns employed for making of hybrids widely used in Henan for maize cultivation, among which Reid × SiPT and Lan × LvDHG were prominent patterns. The hybrids from the two patterns occupied 47 % of total cultivation in Henan Province, among which 26.47% was for Reid × SiPT and 20.62% for Lan × LvDHG. Other patterns like Reid × LvDHG was 9.41% and Tem-tropic × others (including Synthetic and Reid) 9.07%. The later is a new pattern with an increasing utilization and is worthwhile to be exploited. 【Conclusion】Of the 12 heterotic patterns, Reid × SiPT and Lan × LvDHG were mainly used ,which occupied about a half of the total planting areas in Henan in the past 23 years.