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镉胁迫对水稻生长和营养代谢的影响
引用本文:程旺大,姚海根,张国平,汤美玲,Peter Dominy.镉胁迫对水稻生长和营养代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(3):528-537.
作者姓名:程旺大  姚海根  张国平  汤美玲  Peter Dominy
作者单位:1. 浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,杭州,310029;浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院,嘉兴,314016
2. 浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院,嘉兴,314016
3. 浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,杭州,310029
4. 英国格拉斯哥大学生物医学与生命科学学院生物化学与分子生物学系,格拉斯哥 G128QQ
基金项目:浙江省自然科学基金项目资助(M303510),中英合作与交流项目资助(SHA/992/310),浙江省科技厅计划项目资助(2003C32049),浙江省嘉兴市科技局计划项目资助(20021034)
摘    要: 选择苗期镉耐性和籽粒镉含量差异明显的4个晚粳稻品种为供试材料,研究了有毒重金属镉胁迫对水稻生长和营养代谢的影响。结果表明,镉胁迫显著降低各品种的产量和每株穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率、粒重等经济性状以及不同生育期的地上部干物质重,但苗期镉耐性较强的品种受抑制程度要小于镉耐性较弱的品种,相近耐性类型中籽粒镉含量较高的品种比镉含量较低的品种受害严重。因此可用苗期镉的耐性评价不同基因型耐镉性的差异。镉胁迫显著增加各品种地上部茎叶和籽粒的镉含量和积累量,但增加的程度品种间存在着很大差异。植株镉含量随生育进程而逐步下降,而植株镉积累量随生育进程而增加,与干物质产量一致。本研究还表明,镉胁迫显著影响籽粒中一些矿质元素的含量,按镉对籽粒元素含量的效应可将所涉及的8种元素划分为二类,一类呈现为抑制效应,包括K、P、Mg、Mn和Zn等5种;另一类呈现为促进效应,包括Fe、Cu和Ca等3种。此外,镉胁迫对游离氨基酸含量的影响与氨基酸种类和品种有关。值得注意的是,谷氨酸和半胱氨酸等含硫氨基酸的合成受镉胁迫的抑制,且耐性较弱的品种受抑制程度明显大于镉耐性较强的品种。同时,耐性较强的品种这些氨基酸的含量均高于耐性较弱的品种,说明这些氨基酸的代谢可能与水稻品种的Cd耐性反应有关。

关 键 词:水稻    籽粒  基因型氨  矿质元素  游离
收稿时间:2004-7-30

Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice
CHENG Wang-da,YAO Hai-gen,ZHANG Guo-ping,Tang Mei-ling,Peter Dominy.Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(3):528-537.
Authors:CHENG Wang-da  YAO Hai-gen  ZHANG Guo-ping  Tang Mei-ling  Peter Dominy
Institution:CHENG Wang-da 1,2,YAO Hai-gen,ZHANG Guo-ping,Tang Mei-ling,Peter Dominy 3 2 1 2
Abstract:A pot experiment was conducted using four Japonica rice genotypes differing in cadmium (Cd)-tolerance and grain Cd concentration, to study the effect of Cd on growth and nutrition metabolism. Cd was added into soil to form 2 levels, i.e. 0 (CK) and 10 mg·kg-1 (Cd stress), respectively. The results showed that Cd stress significantly reduced grain yield and panicle number per plant, spikelets per panicle, filled spikelet rate and grain weight, and shoot dry weight at various growth stages for all four genotypes. Furthermore, these reductions varied in genotypes. The inhibition extent of genotypes with higher Cd-tolerance was smaller than that of genotypes with lower Cd-tolerance when exposed to Cd stress, and the genotype with higher grain Cd concentration showed more inhibition than one with lower grain Cd concentration. It is indicated that Cd-tolerance is consistent at different growth stages, so Cd-tolerance can be evaluated at early seedling growth. Cd stress significantly increased Cd concentration and accumulation in shoots and grains for all four genotypes, and the Cd-induced increase varied in growth stage and genotype. Cd concentration in shoots and grains became less with the progress of growth, but more for Cd accumulation, being similar to the change of dry weight. The results also showed that the effect of Cd stress on eight mineral nutrient concentrations in grains differed among genotypes and mineral nutrients. When exposed to Cd stress, reduced effect could be noted for grain K, P, Mg, Mn and Zn, thus resulting in reduced concentration. On the other hand, increased effect was found for Fe, Cu and Ca. Moreover, the effect of Cd stress on free amino acid concentration in rice grains varied in amino acids and genotypes. It was interestingly noted that Cd stress inhibited synthesis of S-containing amino acid, such as glutamic acid and cysteine, and the Cd-induced inhibition was severer in Cd-sensitive genotypes than Cd-tolerant ones. Meanwhile, the higher Cd-tolerant genotypes had higher glutamic acid and cysteine concentration in grains than the sensitive ones in all treatments. It is suggested that the metabolism of these amino acids may be associated with the response of Cd tolerance of the rice genotype.
Keywords:Rice (Oryza sativa L  )  Cadmium  Rice grain  Genotype  Mineral nutrient  Free amino acid
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