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超高产夏玉米植株氮素积累特征及一次性施肥效果研究
引用本文:王宜伦,李潮海,谭金芳,韩燕来,张许.超高产夏玉米植株氮素积累特征及一次性施肥效果研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3151-3158.
作者姓名:王宜伦  李潮海  谭金芳  韩燕来  张许
作者单位:(河南农业大学农学院/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心);
基金项目:国家"十一五"科技支撑计划,国家粮食丰产科技工程,中国-国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)合作项目 
摘    要: 【目的】探讨实现超高产夏玉米(≥12 000 kg?hm-2)简化、高产和高效施肥技术。【方法】2007年和2008年在河南省浚县通过大田试验研究了超高产夏玉米植株氮素吸收、分配和积累特性及具有知识产权的缓/控释氮肥施用效果。【结果】拔节期至大喇叭口期和吐丝期至灌浆中期是超高产夏玉米两个氮素吸收关键时期,从出苗到吐丝期,叶片是氮素的分配中心,吐丝期以后,籽粒/果穗成为氮素的分配中心;吐丝后超高产夏玉米氮素吸收积累量占总积累量的40%—48%,生育后期土壤充足供氮促进夏玉米对氮素的吸收利用保证籽粒灌浆,对实现超高产至关重要。苗期一次性施用缓/控释氮肥的植株氮素积累量比常规2次施氮提高了6%—7%,产量提高了3%—4%,氮肥利用率提高了5个百分点,氮肥农学效率提高了1.26—1.59 kg?kg-1。【结论】施用缓/控释氮肥有利于超高产夏玉米生育后期氮素吸收利用,实现了超高产夏玉米的一次性施肥,增产显著且省工高效。

关 键 词:夏玉米  超高产  缓/控释氮肥  养分积累  一次性施肥>
收稿时间:2010-02-10;

Studies on Plant Nitrogen Accumulation Characteristics and the Effect of Single Application of Base Fertilizer on Super-High-Yield Summer Maize
WANG Yi-lun,LI Chao-hai,TAN Jin-fang,HAN Yan-lai,ZHANG Xu.Studies on Plant Nitrogen Accumulation Characteristics and the Effect of Single Application of Base Fertilizer on Super-High-Yield Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(15):3151-3158.
Authors:WANG Yi-lun  LI Chao-hai  TAN Jin-fang  HAN Yan-lai  ZHANG Xu
Institution:(College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/Regional Center for New Technology Creation of Corn of Ministry of Agriculture)
Abstract:【Objective】 The aim of the experiment is to study the fertilizer practice for realizing the target of simplify, high yield and high efficiency fertilization of super-high-yield summer maize. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of the absorption, distribution and accumulation of N of super-high-yield summer maize (≥12 000 kg?hm-2) and the slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) application effects in 2007 and 2008. 【Result】The results showed that the stage from jointing to trumpeting and the stage from silking to the middle filling were the two critical periods for plant N absorption of maize, the plant N distribution center was leaves from seeding to silking and grain/ear after silking, respectively. N absorption proportion after silking stage was 40%-48% of the total, so it is important to provide maize with sufficient N supply at later stage not only for grain filling but also for realizing super-high-yield. The plant N accumulation, yield, N fertilizer utilization rate and N fertilizer agronomy efficiency of CRNF improved by 6%-7%, 3%-4%, 5 percentage points, and 1.26-1.59 kg?kg-1 compared with the conventional fertilizer application, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Applying CRNF was beneficial to realizing single application of base fertilizer and realizing the aim of simplify, high yield and high efficiency fertilization by increasing N absorption and accumulation in the late growing periods of super-high-yield summer maize.
Keywords:summer maize  super-high-yield  slow/controlled release N fertilizer  nutrient accumulation  single basal fertilization
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