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秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤腐殖质组分含量的影响
引用本文:刘军,景峰,李同花,黄金花,谈建鑫,曹晶晶,刘建国.秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤腐殖质组分含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):293-302.
作者姓名:刘军  景峰  李同花  黄金花  谈建鑫  曹晶晶  刘建国
作者单位:石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子,832003
摘    要:【目的】以棉花长期连作定位试验田为研究对象,分析秸秆还田条件下长期连作棉田土壤腐殖质组分含量变化特征,为衡量和评价秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤质量和肥力的影响提供科学的理论依据。【方法】试验在石河子大学农学院试验站棉花长期连作定位试验田进行。设秸秆还田模式下5、10、15、20、25和30 a棉田连作小区,无秸秆还田模式下1、5、10和15 a连作小区,共计10个处理,每个处理3次重复,小区土壤初始背景值相近。棉花种植品种为"新陆早46号",按"30+60+30"宽窄行距配置,种植密度为每公顷19.8万株/hm2。全生育期滴灌11次,滴灌总量5 400 m3·hm-2,采用膜下滴灌。共施纯氮495 kg·hm-2,30%基施,其余随水滴施,其他管理措施同一般大田管理。【结果】秸秆还田可以显著提高3个土层土壤胡敏酸含量,随着连作年限增加,胡敏酸含量逐渐升高,20—40 cm土层土壤胡敏酸积累幅度最大,连作30 a棉田土壤胡敏酸含量比连作5、10、15、20和25 a分别增加139.90%、86.68%、93.33%、58.60%和22.86%;秸秆还田长期连作棉田0—20、20—40和40—60 cm土层土壤富里酸含量随着连作年限的增加而保持稳定不变,分别维持在(2.79±0.19)、(2.56±0.10)和(1.77±0.15)g·kg-1的水平上,而且0—20 cm和20—40 cm土层富里酸含量明显大于40—60 cm土层。秸秆还田能够显著地增加长期连作棉田各个土层胡敏素含量,胡敏素含量0—2020—4040—60 cm土层。秸秆还田不同连作年限CHA/CFA值均大于1,PQ值均大于0.5,且随着年限增加而增大,连作5 a最小,连作30 a最大,0—20、20—40和40—60cm土层连作30年CHA/CFA比连作5 a分别增加120.04%、116.39%和112.91%,PQ值连作30 a比连作5 a分别增加37.15%、36.44%和36.81%。【结论】秸秆还田能够提高长期连作棉田土壤胡敏酸和胡敏素的含量,增加富里酸含量并使之处于稳定水平上,还能够显著地提高CHA/CFA和PQ值,使土壤腐殖质品质朝好的方向转化。

关 键 词:棉花  长期连作  秸秆还田  土壤腐殖质  CHA/CFA  PQ值
收稿时间:2014-05-12

Effects of Returning Stalks into Field on Soil Humus Composition of Continuous Cropping Cotton Field
LIU Jun,JING Feng,LI Tong-hua,HUANG Jin-hua,TAN Jian-xin,CAO Jing-jing,LIU Jian-guo.Effects of Returning Stalks into Field on Soil Humus Composition of Continuous Cropping Cotton Field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(2):293-302.
Authors:LIU Jun  JING Feng  LI Tong-hua  HUANG Jin-hua  TAN Jian-xin  CAO Jing-jing  LIU Jian-guo
Institution:Agricultural College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi 832003, Xingjiang
Abstract:【Objective】The objective of the experiment is to study the effect of straw incorporation on soil humus component content in the continuous cropping cotton field.【Method】This experiment was conducted in the long-term continuous cropping plots from the experiment station of Shihezi University. There were ten treatments in this continuous cropping plots, six treatments’ cotton straw were returned into the soil, and the other treatments’ were removed. There were three replicates per treatment, initial soil background values for each plot were similar. The six treatments which had the cotton straw included six continuous cropping plots, such as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years. The other four treatments were 1, 5, 10 and 15 years continuous cropping plots (they were marked CK1, CK5, CK10 and CK15, respectively). Cotton variety ‘Xinluzao 46’ in was grown cotton field, and the way of planting adopted was the ‘30+60+30’ configuration, and drip irrigation under mulch was used. The planting density was 198 000 plants per hectare. During the growth period, 11 times of drip irrigation were conducted, the total drip irrigation norm was 5 400 m3·hm-2, total nitrogen application rate was 495 kg·hm-2, 30% was used as basic fertilizer, others were fertilized with water. The other managements were the same as the general field management. 【Result】 Results showed that stalk returning could increase the soil humic acid content significantly in three soil layers. Besides, with the time of continuous cropping increasing, the humic acid content was remarkably raised, especially the humic acid content was most abundances in 20-40 cm soil layer. Compared with the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 years continuous cropping, the soil humic acid content in 30 years increased by 139.90%, 86.68%, 93.33%, 58.60% and 22.86%, respectively. However, after continuous cropping and straw incorporation, the time of continuous cropping had no effect on fulvic acid content in soil, and the fulvic acid content was always (2.79 ± 0.19) g·kg-1 in the 0-20 cm soil layer, (2.56 ± 0.10) g·kg-1 in the 20-40 cm soil layer and (1.77 ± 0.15) g·kg-1 in the 40-60 cm soil layer. Moreover, the fulvic acid content in the 0-20 cm soil layer and 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher than in the 40-60 cm soil layer. In addition, Straw returning could significantly increase the humin content in three different soil layers, humin content in the 0-20 cm soil layer was greater than in the 20-40 cm and in the 40-60 cm soil layers. In the different years of straw returning, CHA /CFA values>1, and PQ>0.5, CHA/CFA values and PQ values were increased as the time of continuous cropping increasing, besides, the 5-year continuous cropping was the minimum and the 30-year continuous cropping was the maximum. Compared with 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers in the 5-year continuous cropping, CHA/CFA values of 30 years increased by 120.04%, 116.39% and 112.91%, respectively, and the PQ values of 30 years were increased by 37.15%, 36.44% and 36.81%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Straw returning increased the soil humic acid, humin and fulvic acid contents in the long-term continuous cropping cotton field, besides, it kept them in a stable dynamic level, but also significantly improved the CHA/CFA and PQ values, so that the quality of the soil humus transformation went far towards a good direction.
Keywords:cotton  long-term continuous cropping  straw returning  soil humus  CHA / CFA  PQ values
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