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氮肥用量、时期对墨西哥玉米产量及饲用营养品质的影响
引用本文:王永军,王空军,董树亭,胡昌浩,张吉旺,刘鹏.氮肥用量、时期对墨西哥玉米产量及饲用营养品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(3):492-497.
作者姓名:王永军  王空军  董树亭  胡昌浩  张吉旺  刘鹏
作者单位:山东农业大学农学院,泰安,271018
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(30100108、30370832),高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20040434008),山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金资助项目(02BS028),国家“十五”科技攻关项目资助 (2004BA520A12)
摘    要: 采用池栽方法研究了氮肥用量、时期对一年生夏播墨西哥玉米(Zea mexicana)产量和饲用营养品质的影响,并运用概略养分分析法来评价其饲用营养价值。结果表明,夏播墨西哥玉米生长季内刈割3茬,叶片对产量与品质的形成贡献最大;在中氮(300 kg·ha-1)和高氮(600 kg·ha-1)2种水平下,氮肥用量对第1茬草产量的影响大,底肥肥效仅持续作用到第2茬的叶片;第2茬的茎鞘及第3茬的整个收获部分都表现追肥效应。增施氮肥提高了粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)的含量,降低了粗灰分(CA)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量,氮肥水平对粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、无氮浸出物(NFE)及总能量(GE)的产量影响程度大于施肥时期,随着刈割茬次的增加,底肥肥效降低而追肥肥效增加;酸性洗涤纤维的产量随氮肥用量的增加而增加是由于干物质产量提高的幅度大于含量降低的幅度。在较高氮肥水平下,底肥一次施入有利于提高产量及其饲用营养品质。

关 键 词:墨西哥玉米  氮肥  施肥  产量  饲用营养品
收稿时间:2004-2-2

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Strategies on Yield and Forage Nutritive Quality of Zea mexicana
WANG Yong-jun,WANG Kong-jun,DONG Shu-ting,HU Chang-hao,ZHANG Ji-wang,LIU Peng.Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Strategies on Yield and Forage Nutritive Quality of Zea mexicana[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(3):492-497.
Authors:WANG Yong-jun  WANG Kong-jun  DONG Shu-ting  HU Chang-hao  ZHANG Ji-wang  LIU Peng
Abstract:The effects of different nitrogen application strategies (nitrogen rates and nitrogen application stage) on yield and forage nutritive quality of summer Zea mexicana were studied in an experiment of pool culture. When the natural plant height was 110 cm the plant should be clipped. In the whole growth period, it could be clipped 3 times (H1,H2 and H3 means the first, second and third harvest stage, respectively).To evaluate the forage nutritive value, six items including crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen free extract (NFE), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude ash (CA), and gross energy (GE) were used. The results showed that the content of CP and EE increased and the content of CA and ADF dereased by two nitrogen rates (High-rate N, 600 kg·ha-1;Mid-rate N, 300 kg·ha-1),which also improved the fresh and dry harvest biomass of the whole plants at H1 and the leaves at H2. But the stalks at H2 and the whole plants at H3 were affected by additional application of nitrogen fertilizer. The yield of CP, EE, CA, NFE, and GE was affected by nitrogen rates, the ADF yield increased with the increase of fresh and dry harvest biomass. It is concluded that all nitrogen applied as base fertilizer can harvest the higher biomass and improve the forage nutritive quality of summer Zea mexicana.
Keywords:Zea mexicana  Nitrogen  Application  Yield  Forage nutritive quality
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