不同造粒工艺的肥芯-包膜微结构特征与缓/控释性能的研究

【目的】从控释肥的肥芯研究及评价入手，提高产品控释性能。【方法】应用扫描电镜对4种不同造粒工艺的肥芯及其包膜缓/控释肥的膜结构特征进行分析，并结合2种肥芯的包膜缓/控释肥氮素淋溶特性分析了不同造粒工艺对缓/控释性能的影响。【结果】油冷复肥颗粒外表面最光滑，转鼓复肥颗粒外表面最粗糙且多孔，高塔复肥和圆盘复肥颗粒外表面居中；油冷复肥核芯紧实度最优，转鼓复肥紧实度最差，高塔复肥和圆盘复肥核芯紧实度居中；油冷芯肥的膜-芯接触最紧实，转鼓芯肥的膜-芯有明显空隙，而高塔芯肥和圆盘芯肥则居中。土柱淋溶试验表明，油冷核心缓/控释肥的氮累积溶出率远低于转鼓核芯缓/控释肥。【结论】产品控释性能与其膜-芯结构的差异有密切关系，本论文研究和发现了控释肥肥芯对控释肥养分控释效果改善的贡献。

Study on Microstructures Characteristics and Nutrition Slow/Controlled-Release Capability of Fertilizer Cores with Different Granulating Techniques and Their Coating CRFs

【Objective】To date, integrated research of production and consumption of CRFs is lacking. In order to conduct the research, fertilizer cores of CRFs were analyzed to discern improvement of CRF products' controlled-release performance. 【Method】An electron scanning microscope was used to study the core-coating microstructure of 4 fertilizer cores with different granulating processes and their coated CRFs. The influence of different granulating techniques on controlled release performance was analyzed according to a N leaching experiment of 2 CRFs with different cores. 【Result】When the air-cooling core and the disc-core were between the oil-cooled and drum cores, the oil-cooled-core had the smoothest surface, and the drum-core had a porous and coarse surface. While the tower-core and disc-core were between the oil-cooled and drum cores, the oil-cooled-core was very tidy and the drum core was loose. With the tower-core and disc-core in between, the oil-cooled-core had very high compactness in core- coating, the drum core had an obvious gap between core-coating. A soil-column leaching experiment showed that CRF with an oil-cooled-core had a much lower accumulated N leaching rate than that of CRF with drum-core. 【Conclusion】The performance of controlled-release was closely related to different core-coating microstructures. This paper analyzes and discovers the contribution of a CRF core to nutrient release capability improvement.