水稻茎秆性状与抗倒性的关系及配合力分析

【目的】研究水稻茎秆形态性状、化学成分含量和茎秆解剖结构与抗倒性的关系,分析抗倒伏相关性状的配合力,为抗倒伏高产水稻品种的选育提供依据。【方法】2014年,以3个水稻新两用核不育系和5个恢复系按不完全双列杂交所配的15个组合为材料,2015年,以4个水稻新两用核不育系和3个恢复系按不完全双列杂交所配的12个组合为材料,以单茎抗推力作为抗倒性的评价指标,研究水稻茎秆形态、化学成分含量、茎秆解剖结构与抗倒伏能力的关系及相关性状的配合力方差和亲本的一般配合力。2014年的相关分析表明,单茎抗推力与秆长、单茎鲜重、弯曲力矩、粗纤维含量、硅含量和小维管束数目呈显著正相关;2015年的相关分析表明,单茎抗推力与秆长、茎粗、单茎鲜重、弯曲力矩、粗纤维含量、钾含量、硅含量、大维管束数目和小维管束数目呈显著正相关。其中秆长、单茎鲜重、弯曲力矩、粗纤维含量、硅含量和小维管束数目与单茎抗推力的相关性在2年的试验中均达显著水平。2014年的逐步回归分析表明,弯曲力矩、硅含量和小维管束数目对单茎抗推力具有正向作用;2015年的逐步回归分析表明,秆长、茎粗、粗纤维含量和小维管束数目对单茎抗推力具有正向作用。2年均入选回归方程的性状有小维管束数目。单茎抗推力的不育系×恢复系特殊配合力方差和不育系的一般配合力方差两年均达到显著水平,且单茎抗推力的不育系一般配合力方差明显大于恢复系的一般配合力方差和杂交组合的特殊配合力方差。水稻不育系075S和023S,水稻恢复系R276、R964、R527和R389的单茎抗推力的一般配合力较高。【结论】秆长、单茎鲜重、弯曲力矩、粗纤维含量、硅含量和小维管束数目是影响水稻抗倒伏能力的主要因素。单茎抗推力的遗传由加性基因和非加性基因共同控制,不育系的基因加性效应对杂交组合的抗倒能力影响较大。不育系075S和023S及恢复系R276、R964、R527和R389的单茎抗推力的一般配合力较高,可用于抗倒伏杂交水稻组合的配制。

The Correlation of Stem Characters and Lodging Resistance and Combining Ability Analysis in Rice

【Objective】 Lodging is one of the main constraints to the yield of rice. This study investigated the relationships among stem morphological index, chemical constituents and anatomical structure with lodging resistance. The combining ability of lodging related traits were analyzed. Results of the study will provide a theoretical basis for breeding of high yield rice varieties with lodging resistance.【Method】Three new rice dual-purpose genic male sterile lines and 5 restorer lines were crossed using incomplete diallel crosses and 15 hybrid combinations as materials in 2014. Four new rice dual-purpose genic male sterile lines and 3 restorer lines were crossed using incomplete diallel crosses and 12 hybrid combinations as materials in 2015. The anti-thrust per stem was used as the lodging resistance index. The correlation of stem morphological index and chemical constituents and anatomical structure with lodging resistance and the combining ability variance analysis of lodging resistance of tested combinations and the general combining ability of parents were studied. 【Result】The anti-thrust per stem was positively correlated with stem length, fresh weight per stem, bending moment, crude fiber content, silicon content and the number of small vascular bundles in both 2014 and 2015. Stepwise regression analysis in 2014 showed that bending moment and silicon content and the number of small vascular bundles had a positive effect on the anti-thrust per stem. Stepwise regression analysis in 2015 showed that stem length and stem diameter and crude fiber content and the number of small vascular bundles had a positive effect on the anti-thrust per stem. The number of small vascular bundles was included in the regression equation in two years of testing. The variance of special combining ability and general combining ability of sterile lines of the anti-thrust per stem all reached significant level in two years. Further analysis showed that the variance of general combining ability of sterile lines was larger than the variance of general combining ability of restorer lines and special combining ability of the trait. The anti-thrust per stem of sterile lines 075S and 023S, and that of restorer lines R276 and R964 and R527 and R389 had higher general combining ability. 【Conclusion】Stem length, fresh weight per stem, bending moment, crude fiber content and silicon content of stem, the number of small vascular bundles were main influencing factors of lodging resistance of rice. The anti-thrust per stem was controlled by both additive and non-additive gene. The additive gene effect of sterile lines had great influence on lodging resistance of hybridized combination. The anti-thrust per stem of sterile lines 075S and 023S and that of restorer lines R276 and R964 and R527 and R389 had higher general combining ability. The six parents could be used as parents of hybrid rice combinations for lodging resistance.