沟灌方式和灌水量对温室番茄综合品质与产量的影响

【目的】探讨沟灌方式和灌水量对温室番茄综合品质、产量、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)以及综合效益的影响,优化西北地区温室番茄的沟灌方式和灌水量,为该地区温室番茄产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】通过田间试验,设置常规沟灌(CFI)和交替隔沟灌溉(AFI)两种沟灌方式,以两次灌水的间隔期Φ20 cm标准蒸发皿的累积蒸发量E为基数,设置0.6E、0.8E、1.0E、1.2E四个灌水量梯度,共8个处理,采用主成分分析法和灰色关联度法对番茄品质进行综合评价,以主成分综合得分和灰色加权关联度量化番茄的品质指标,采用变异系数法对番茄的品质、产量、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)赋权,通过TOPSIS法对各处理下温室番茄的综合效益进行评价。【结果】沟灌方式和灌水量均对番茄品质产生影响,主成分分析法和灰色关联度法对番茄品质综合评价的结果不完全一致,但两者都得出AFI-0.6E、AFI-0.8E为品质最优的两个处理;AFI-0.6E处理相较于产量最高的AFI-1.2E处理减产达22.56%,而AFI-0.8E处理相较于AFI-1.2E处理仅减产9.42%,且AFI-0.8E与AFI-0.6E的IWUE无显著差异;TOPSIS综合评价的结果表明AFI-0.8E处理为综合效益最高的处理。【结论】采用交替隔沟灌溉,灌水量设为0.8E,在提高番茄的综合品质的同时又可以使产量和IWUE处于较高水平,从而获得最大的综合效益,为温室番茄优质、高产、高效的沟灌方式和灌水量的组合。

Effect of Furrow Irrigation Pattern and Irrigation Amount on Comprehensive Quality and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

【Objective】This study aims at exploring the effects of different furrow irrigation patterns and irrigation amounts on the comprehensive quality, yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and comprehensive benefit of greenhouse tomato, optimizing the furrow irrigation pattern and irrigation amount of greenhouse tomato in northwest China, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable development of greenhouse tomato in the region. 【Method】Common furrow irrigation (CFI) and alternative furrow irrigation (AFI) were set as two furrow irrigation patterns. Based on the cumulative evaporation from a 20 cm diameter pan between two irrigations (E), 0.6E, 0.8E, 1.0E, 1.2E were set as four different levels of irrigation amount. The quality of tomato was evaluated comprehensively by principal component analysis (PCA) and grey correlation analysis (GCA). Principal components scores and grey weighted correlation degrees were regarded as the comprehensive quality of tomato. Weight values of comprehensive quality, yield and IWUE were calculated by the coefficient of variation method. Then, TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of all irrigation treatments. 【Result】Tomato quality was affected by both furrow irrigation pattern and irrigation amount. The evaluation results of PCA and GCA were not completely consistent. However, both PCA and GCA acquired that tomato quality under AFI-0.6E and AFI-0.8E treatments were the best. Yield of AFI-0.6E treatment decreased by 22.56% while it just decreased by 9.42% under AFI-0.8E treatment compared to AFI-1.2E treatment which acquired the most yield. While, the IWUE of AFI-0.6E and AFI-0.8E had no significant difference. The result of TOPSIS showed that AFI-0.8E treatment had the largest comprehensive benefit. 【Conclusion】 AFI coupling with the irrigation amount of 0.8E could improve the quality of tomato and guarantee the yield and IWUE, consequently generate the largest comprehensive benefit. It was the optimal combination of furrow irrigation pattern and irrigation amount.