甜菜单胚雄性不育系及其保持系的生殖期形态学与细胞学研究

 【目的】阐明甜菜单胚雄性不育系生殖期形态特点和花粉败育时期及花药花粉败育过程的发育特征。【方法】以3对单胚型甜菜雄性不育系和保持系为试验材料，采用常规的石蜡切片方法，对花蕾和花药的生物学特性以及花药结构、花粉发育过程进行比较。【结果】甜菜单胚雄性不育植株与保持系正常植株比较，在形态学和细胞学上存在较大差异。如主茎开花初期提前1～2d，花萼和雄蕊个数为4～6个，花药室数为2～4个，开花后花药呈白色或淡绿色，表面无皱纹，并延迟脱落；其花药和花粉发育明显异常，败育初期在四分体期绒毡层与中层分离，中期小孢子形成时期发育停滞，后期绒毡层与小孢子粘连后逐渐消失，终期花药干瘪，不能形成花粉。【结论】甜菜单胚雄性不育系与保持系在生殖生长期其花药和花粉的形态学与细胞学差异非常明显，花药和花粉败育过程大体划分为4个阶段。本研究将败育初期确定在四分体时期的绒毡层细胞与中层脱离开始，与以往的研究者认为败育初期在四分体时期以后的看法有所不同。

Studies on Morphology and Cytology of Male Sterile and Maintenance Monogerm Sugar Beet Line During Reproduction Period

Objective] In order to explore the morphological character, and the pollen abortion time as well as the abortive process characters of anther and pollen of male sterile, monogerm sugar beet lines during reproductive period. Method ] Three group male sterile and maintenance lines of monogerm sugar beet as materials were used, we observed the biological characters of their buds, anthers and anther structure, and the development process of pollens by the methods of conventional Paraffin Slicer, Safranine Ai-Shi Haematine Crystal and Fast Green. Result ] There was some difference in morphological development of the male sterile line, compared with that of normal fertile plant, such as little shorter plant height, flowering 1-2 days earlier on main stem, 4-6 calyxes or stamina, 2-4 anther chamber, and the anthers were getting white or pale green color, no curl on their surface, and their abscission were postponed after flowering. The proliferation of the anthers and pollens were distinctly dysplastic. During the prophase of abortive pollens, the tapetums and middle layers of quadrants separated; during metaphase, the microspores were development arrest; during anaphase, the tapetums and microspores gradually disappeared after combination, the anthers finally turned into drying and shriveling to be unable to form pollens. Conclusion ] There were significant differences in morphological and cytological development of male sterile and maintenance lines. Abortive anthers and pollens approximately included four phases.It was worth notice that the abortion initial stage was reestablished when tapetums and middle layers of quadrant period separated. The opinion differ from that of former investigator, which abortion initial stage was after quadrant period.