SSR标记分析国家油菜区试品种的特异性和一致性

 【目的】分析中国油菜区试品种的特异性、一致性和稳定性，为新品种审定和品种权保护提供科学依据。【方法】以近年参加中国冬油菜区域试验的89个品种为试验材料，利用筛选确定的15对较好的SSR引物开展品种的特异性和一致性分析。【结果】共获得42个多态性标记。遗传聚类、主成份、分配试验和AMOVA分析结果表明：42个标记能够将89个品种完全区分开；同一个育种单位选育的品种其遗传基础相近，而不同地区或育种单位选育的品种其遗传背景相差较大，揭示的遗传结构与品种系谱来源相吻合；以遗传距离0.1为划分标准，75％的供试品种具备特异性；分配试验中，大部分单株都能正确的分配回到原来的品种，少数品种的单株正确分配率较低，品种一致性差；品种在供种年份间差异不显著，其一致性较好，而在同一年份的品种间差异极显著，其特异性较高。【结论】除少数品种外，大部分品种都具有很高的特异性和一致性；SSR标记是适合于开展油菜品种DUS测试的鉴定技术。

SSR-based Evaluation of Distinctness and Uniformity of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)Varieties under Chinese National Official Field Tests

The evaluation of distinctness, uniformity and stability is very important for new variety registration and protection. In this study, 89 varieties being subjected to National official field test were fingerprinted by 41 polymorphic markers generating from 15 highly informative SSR primers. The genetic clustering, principal component analysis, assignment test and AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) results showed that: 41 polymorphic markers are sufficient to completely separate all 89 varieties; most similar varieties were bred by the same breeders and the most distinct ones came from different province or breeders, which was in accordance with the pedigree information; 75% of the tested varieties are distinct using a genetic distance threshold of 0.1; in the assignment test, most varieties can be correctly placed back to the respective source variety, yet the other had a low correct individual assignment percentage, a sign of poor uniformity; the genetic variation between seed delivery is not significant, indicating a good stability of variety, and genetic variation among varieties within seed delivery is significant, meaning a good distinctness. Overall, our data showed that most of the tested rapeseed varieties have the characteristics of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS), and SSR marker is suitable for DUS testing.