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沱江流域农业面源污染排放特征解析
引用本文:胡芸芸,王永东,李廷轩,郑子成,蒲勇.沱江流域农业面源污染排放特征解析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3654-3665.
作者姓名:胡芸芸  王永东  李廷轩  郑子成  蒲勇
基金项目:四川省科技支撑计划(2013NZ0044、2013NZ0029)
摘    要:【目的】为了准确把握沱江流域农业面源污染现状,探明其首要污染源和关键污染物,对沱江流域农业面源污染排放特征进行分析,旨在为开展流域污染防治提供理论依据。【方法】应用历史资料宏观统计方法对沱江流域25个县(市、区)2012年农业面源污染情况进行初步宏观统计分析,运用排污系数法估算污染物排放量,污染评价与源解析采用等标负荷法,通过聚类分析划分污染类型。【结果】沱江流域农业面源污染物化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)绝对排放(流失)总量分别为52.56×104、4.10×104和0.55×104 t,表现出COD较多、TN和TP相对较少的特征,各流段与流域特征保持一致。流域中游各污染物绝对排放量较高,上游其次,下游最少。其中仁寿县各污染物绝对排放量为全流域最高,同时简阳市、雁江区和安岳县各污染物绝对排放量也较高,均位于流域中游。通过等标负荷评价发现全流域污染物等标排放总量为79 468.23 m3,其中TN等标排放量最高(34 151.65 m3),占流域等标排放总量的42.98%,TP和COD相对较少,TP仅占流域等标排放总量的28.98%,流域各流段污染物等标排放量也表现为TNTP、COD,且流域不同县(市、区)等标排污系数也均以TN最高。全流域各污染源中畜禽养殖业源等标排放总量最高(44 898.96 m3),占流域等标排放总量的56.50%,农村生活源等标排放总量仅次于畜禽养殖业源,水产养殖业源等标排放总量最低(1 311.91 m3),流域各流段也以畜禽养殖业源等标排放量最高;沱江流域中游污染物等标排放量最高(56 095.43 m3),上、下游等标排放量分别为12 817.43、10 555.37 m3,中游与上、下游差异较大,其中位于流域中游的仁寿县各污染物等标排放量最高(11 309.51 m3),位于下游的自流井区与之相反。基于等标负荷评价及聚类分析结果确定沱江流域主要有畜禽养殖业源严重污染型、畜禽养殖业源主导型、畜禽养殖业源-农村生活源复合主导型和农村生活源主导型4种污染类型。【结论】畜禽养殖业源是沱江流域首要污染来源,总氮为首要污染物。沱江流域农业面源污染属于生产生活复合污染型,流域中游农业面源污染程度最严重,是沱江流域农业面源污染重点防治区域。

关 键 词:农业面源污染  源解析  等标污染负荷  污染类型  沱江流域
收稿时间:2015-01-12

Characteristics Analysis of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution on Tuojiang River Basin
HU Yun-yun,WANG Yong-dong,LI Ting-xuan,ZHENG Zi-cheng,PU Yong.Characteristics Analysis of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution on Tuojiang River Basin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(18):3654-3665.
Authors:HU Yun-yun  WANG Yong-dong  LI Ting-xuan  ZHENG Zi-cheng  PU Yong
Institution:1.College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130;2.Soil and Fertilizer Station of Agricultural Bureau, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan
Abstract:【Objective】 In order to accurately understand the current status of agricultural non-point source pollution on Tuojiang River Basin and find the main pollution source as well as the key pollutants, the agricultural non-point source pollution emission characteristics of Tuojiang River Basin were analyzed, which would provide a theoretical basis for the prevention or control of river basin pollution. 【Method】The historical data statistical analysis method was adopted to analyze the characteristics of agriculture non-point source pollution for twenty-five counties in 2012. The pollutant emissions were estimated by pollution discharge coefficient method and pollution evaluation and sources analysis were carried out by equivalent pollution load method. 【Result】The absolute discharge amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of agriculture non-point pollution in the studied area were 52.56×104, 4.10×104 and 0.55×104 t, respectively, in 2012, it is thus obvious that the COD was more than TN and TP. Characteristics of each stream segment were similar to the watershed. Besides, the absolute discharge pollutant of midstream was the most, while the downstream’s was the least. The upstream’s was next only to the midstream’s. The absolute discharge of the pollutants in Renshou county was the highest in the whole basin. At the same time, the absolute discharge of pollutants in Jianyang, Yanjiang and Anyue was also higher than other counties. And the above four counties are also located in midstream. By using standard load evaluation, it was found that the total equivalent pollution load of whole basin was 79 468.23 m3. The equivalent pollution load of TN was the highest (34 151.65 m3), accounting for 42.98% of total emission standard. TP and COD were relatively less. The equivalent pollution load of TP just accounted for 28.98% and the equivalent pollution load of each section on basin also showed TN > TP, COD. In addition, all the counties’ equivalent emission coefficient also presented TN was the highest. The equivalent pollution load almost all come from livestock breeding (44 898.96 m3), accounting for 56.50% of total emission standard. At the same time, livestock breeding as the main source of pollutant, its equivalent pollution load was 56.50% of the total watersheds’. Rural life source’s total equivalent pollution load followed the livestock breeding, while aquaculture source’s was the least (1 311.91 m3). Each stream segment’s equivalent pollution load in the river mainly came from livestock breeding, too. The midstream had the most equivalent pollution load on the Tuojiang River (56 095.43m3). Meanwhile, the equivalent pollution load from upstream and downstream was 12 817.43 and 10 555.37 m3, respectively. Renshou county’s equivalent pollution load was the highest (11 309.51 m3) among the all the counties, which is located in the midstream. Ziliujing county, located in the downstream instead. Refer to the results of equivalent pollution method, twenty-five counties are divided into four types of pollution area. The areas are respectively livestock breeding-rural life leading area, livestock breeding leading area and livestock breeding heavy polluted leading area and rural life leading area. 【Conclusion】 Based on the results above, it was clear that livestock breeding is the key source and the primary pollutant is TN on Tuojiang River watersheds. Tuojiang River Basin agricultural non-point source pollution was combined by production and life. The most seriousiy polluted region is the midstream of Tuojiang, which needs to be most prevented and controlled.
Keywords:agricultural non-point source pollution  sources analysis  equivalent pollution load method  pollution types  Tuojiang River Basin
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