中国育成黄麻主要品种间的亲缘关系分析

【目的】探讨新中国成立以来中国育成黄麻主要品种间的亲缘关系和遗传多样性。【方法】选用1949年以来,在中国有一定的推广面积和具有清晰系谱关系资料记录,以引进或育成的20个长果种和40个圆果种黄麻品种为供试材料,采用亲缘系数与聚类分析的方法,对中国60多年来黄麻生产上历经6次品种更替的主要品种间进行亲缘关系和遗传多样性分析。【结果】在长果黄麻中,20份供试品种共组成190对组合,31.58%存在亲缘关系,COP总和为38.5625,平均为0.0964,表明2/3的品种在系谱上的遗传关系较少;在圆果黄麻中,40份供试品种共组成780对组合,其中50.26%存在亲缘关系,COP平均为0.1179,表明50%的圆果品种存在亲缘关系,有近一半的品种亲缘关系相对较远。圆果黄麻品种间的亲缘关系比长果品种间的遗传相似性更高。聚类分析较直观地反映了新中国成立以来中国育成黄麻主要品种间的亲缘关系和品种演变特点。20份供试长果黄麻品种在欧式距离值0.95处,聚为5个类群。其中,2个国外引进品种各自聚为一个类群,其余18个品种分别以翠绿、广丰长果、巴长4号、马里野生长果等优势亲本聚为不同的大类群与亚类群。40份供试圆果黄麻品种在欧式距离值0.90处,聚为6个类群,除了2个地方品种各自聚为一个类群外,其余38个品种分别以D154、琼山、粤圆1号、卢滨圆果、选46等优势亲本聚为不同的大类群与亚类群。共祖先度分析表明,翠绿、广丰长果、宽叶长果、巴长4号等品种在新中国成立以来中国长果黄麻育种中利用价值很高;D154、卢滨圆果、粤圆1号、JRC-212、选46等品种是对中国圆果黄麻培育贡献较大的骨干亲本。【结论】在黄麻育种中,利用较多的资源是广丰长果、宽叶长果、粤圆1和早期引进的D154、JRC-212等少数骨干亲本,而近年引进的品种资源相对较少,由此导致现有黄麻品种遗传基础狭窄。在以后的育种工作中需加强黄麻种质资源的挖掘和引进,以提高黄麻品种的遗传多样性。

Analysis of the Coefficient of Parentage Among Major Jute Cultivars in China

【Objective】 We explored the genetic diversity and parentage among major Jute cultivars since the founding of new China in 1949. 【Method】The coefficient of parentage (COP) and cluster analysis were used to clarify the genetic variabilities and relationships among Jute cultivars in six varieties arising since 1949. Twenty Jute cultivars of Corchorus olitorius L. and 40 individuals of Corchorus capsularis L. were selected as test materials, based on where the extension area was largest and pedigree information for each clearest.【Result】A total of 190 cross combinations were made among 20 cultivars of C. olitorius, with 31.6% of the combinations sharing parental relationships, with an average of 0.0964. These crosses indicated that there were not close relationships among 2/3 of cultivars. A total of 780 cross combinations of C. capsularis were made among 40 cultivars with 50.3% of the combinations sharing parental relationships, but their average COP value was 0.1179. The crosses indicated that there were close relationships among more than half of the tested cultivars. Looking at all crosses, the genetic similarity relationships of C. capsularis cultivars were higher than that of C. olitorius cultivars. Clustering analysis based on coefficients of parentage examined the genetic relationships among the jute cultivars and the characteristics of the cultivars recent evolution since 1949. Cluster analysis suggested that the C. olitorius cultivars could be divided into five groups at a OUSHI distance of 0.95. Two imported cultivars were separated into 2 groups and the remaining 18 cultivars were classified into 3 groups based on several predominant parents, such as Cuilü, Guangfengchangguo, Bachang 4, Maliyeshengchangguo. C. capsularis could be divided into 6 groups at the OUSHI distance 0.90. Two regional cultivars were separated into 2 groups and the remaining 38 cultivars were classified into 4 additional groups based on several predominant parents, such as D154, Qiongshan, Yueyuan 1, Lubinyuanguo, and C46. The coancestry coefficient analyses showed that the corner stone parents for C. olitorius were Cuilü, Guangfengchangguo, Kuanyechangguo, Bachang 4. These had the highest breeding values for C. olitorius. The corner stone parents for C. capsularis were D154, Lubinyuanguo, Yueyuan 1, JRC-212 and C46 played a substantial role among the registered C. capsularis cultivars. 【Conclusion】The majority of jute core parents were earlier developed cultivars, so it is important to enhance the utilization of important jute varieties and introduce novel jute germplasm resources. Breeders’ reliance on backbone parents, such as Guangfengchangguo, Kuanyechangguo, Yueyuan 1, D154, JRC-212, facilitates the loss of plant genetic diversity and certainly increases genetic uniformity in new varieties.