精准灌溉施肥对日光温室土壤性状及黄瓜产量品质的影响

【目的】水肥管理是设施栽培蔬菜高产高效的关键技术,研究不同灌溉施肥方式对日光温室土壤性状及蔬菜生育的影响,为高效水肥管理及防控土壤次生盐渍化提供理论指导。【方法】在日光温室中以黄瓜品种‘新津11’为试材,设置传统畦灌定期冲肥(CK1)、常规滴灌定期追肥(CK2)、每天定量滴灌1/4剂量山崎黄瓜专用配方营养液不加微量元素(T1)、每天定量滴灌1/4剂量专用配方营养液加微量元素(T2)、每天定量滴灌2/4剂量专用配方营养液加微量元素(T3)、每天定量滴灌3/4剂量专用配方营养液加微量元素(T4)6个处理,研究不同灌溉施肥方式对土壤理化、生物学性状以及黄瓜产量和品质的影响。【结果】与传统畦灌定期冲肥和常规滴灌定期追肥相比,每天定量滴灌营养液处理的土壤容重减小,孔隙度增大,EC值降低;土壤真菌数显著减少,细菌和放线菌数明显增多,脲酶、转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性增强;黄瓜植株生长量增大。与传统畦灌定期冲肥和常规滴灌定期追肥相比,每天滴灌1/4剂量山崎专用配方+微量元素的处理黄瓜单株结瓜数和产量最高,并可部分改善果实品质,且节水、节肥率分别达到30%和70%以上。【结论】每天定量滴灌1/4剂量山崎黄瓜专用配方加微量元素营养液可以推荐作为日光温室土壤栽培黄瓜的一种新型水肥管理模式。

Effects of Precise Fertigation on Soil Properties and Fruit Yield and Quality of Cucumber Grown in Solar Greenhouse

【Objective】Irrigation and fertilization are key techniques for protecting cultivated vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different fertigation methods on soil properties and cucumber growth in a solar greenhouse，and to provide theoretical guidance for efficient fertigation, as well as the control of secondary soil salinization.【Method】Cucumber variety ‘Xinjin 11’ was used as the experimental material, and six treatments were arranged, including traditional border irrigation along with regular top dressing (CK1), conventional drip irrigation along with regular top dressing (CK2), daily fertigation of 1/4 dose Yamazaki special formula without microelement nutrients (T1), daily fertigation of 1/4 dose Yamazaki special formula with microelement nutrients (T2), daily fertigation of 2/4 dose Yamazaki special formula with microelement nutrients (T3), daily fertigation of 3/4 dose Yamazaki special formula with microelement nutrients (T4). The effects of daily fertigation with a nutrient solution on physical-chemical and biological properties of soil and yield and quality of cucumber fruits were investigated.【Result】Compared with traditional border irrigation along with a regular top dressing and a conventional drip irrigation along with regular fertigation, daily quantitative fertigation with a nutrient solution decreased soil bulk density, increased soil porosity, and reduced soil EC value. The amount of fungi in soil dropped, while those of bacteria and actinomyces rose significantly, the activities of Urease, Invertase and Catalase in the soil were considerably enhanced, and the growth of cucumber plants was promoted. Daily fertigation with 1/4 unit of the Yamazaki special formula plus trace elements led to the largest fruit number and highest yield of cucumber, when compared to traditional border irrigation and conventional drip irrigation. Daily fertigation with a nutrient solution partially improved the quality of cucumber fruits. Water and fertilizer saving rate reached more than 30% and 70%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Daily quantitative fertigation with 1/4 unit of the Yamazaki special formula plus trace elements could be recommended as a new fertilization management mode for soil cultivated cucumber in a solar greenhouse.