中国玉米地方品种核心种质花期相关性状的表型多样性研究

 【目的】研究中国玉米地方品种资源在抽雄期（T）、吐丝期（S）、抽雄-散粉间隔期（TAI）以及散粉-吐丝间隔期（ASI）等4个花期相关性状上的表型多样性，为玉米地方品种资源表型多样性的整体鉴定与评价提供参考和依据。【方法】选取中国玉米地方品种核心种质库的799份种质，采用多环境试验设计，在植株进入生殖生长期后调查抽雄期、吐丝期、抽雄-散粉间隔期以及散粉-吐丝间隔期等4个花期相关性状的表型观测值，计算其Shannon-Weaver多样性指数，并进行显著性检验，评价中国玉米地方品种资源在这4个花期相关性状上的整体多样性水平。【结果】方差分析表明，不同省、市、地区的玉米地方品种资源在研究的4个花期相关性状上的表型观测值均达到极显著水平的差异，而这4个性状除TAI差异不显著外，T、S以及ASI的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数的差异均达到极显著水平。在6个不同的玉米生态区上，这4个花期相关性状的表型观测值也均达到极显著水平的差异，在Shannon-Weaver多样性指数上，TAI的差异不显著，另3个性状则均达到显著或极显著水平的差异。其中，西南山地玉米区在抽雄期、散粉期、抽雄-散粉间隔期和散粉-吐丝间隔期性状上的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数分别为1.85、1.90、0.88和1.20。【结论】中国玉米地方品种资源在抽雄期、吐丝期、抽雄-散粉间隔期以及散粉-吐丝间隔期等4个花期相关性状上表现出了较高水平的多样性，尤其是西南山地玉米区，在表型观测值和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数上均明显高于另5个生态区，表明西南地区玉米种质资源具有较高的保护价值和利用潜力。

Phenotypic Diversity of Flowering-Related Traits of Maize Landraces from the Core Collection Preserved in China National Genebank

【Objective】Understanding diversity profile of crop germplasm is the basis of effective conservation and efficient utilization of genetic resources. The present study investigates the phenotypic diversity of four flowering-related traits, including tasseling (T), pollen-shedding (S) tassel-pollenshedding interval (TPI) and anthesis-silking interval (ASI).【Method】799 maize landrace accessions from the core collection preserved in Chinese National Genebank were planted according to multiple-environment trail (MET), and the phenotypic observation of 4 flowering-related traits, including T, S, TPI and ASI, were recorded during the reproduction stage of these accessions. Shannon-Weaver diversity index was calculated based on the phenotypic estimates of these 4 flowering-related traits, and ANOVA was conducted to test the significance of differentiation among the phenotypic estimates and Shannon-Weaver diversity indices.【Result】The results of ANOVA showed that the differentiation of phenotypic estimates of all the 4 flowering-related traits significant at 1% level among 32 provinces/regions, and except TPI, the differentiation of Shannon-Weaver diversity indices of T, S, and ASI significant at 1% level. Among the 6 maize regions of China, phenotypic estimates of all these 4 flowering-related traits significant at 1% level, and the Shannon-Weaver diversity indices of T, S, and ASI significant at 5% or 1% level. Among the 6 maize regions in China, the Shannon-Weaver diversity indices of T, S, TPI, and ASI of accessions from Southwest Montane Maize Region are 1.85, 1.90, 0.88, and 1.20 separately. 【Conclusion】There exists high level of phenotypic diversity of T, S, TPI, and ASI among the maize landrace accessions conserved in Chinese National Genebank, and among 6 maize regions in China, the average phenotypic diversity level of the four flowering-related traits of the accessions of Southwest Montane Maize Region was significantly higher than those of the other 5 maize regions, which indicates that there exist considerably high protection value and utility potential in the maize germplasm of Southwest Montane Maize Region.