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稻田套播麦共生期农田生态环境特征及对小麦生长的影响
引用本文:许轲,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,张军.稻田套播麦共生期农田生态环境特征及对小麦生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(8):2263-2270.
作者姓名:许轲  张洪程  戴其根  霍中洋  张军
作者单位:扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室
基金项目:江苏省科技厅项目 , 农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项
摘    要: 【目的】通过对比方法研究稻田套播麦共生期的农田生态环境特征及对小麦生长的影响。【方法】设置稻田套播和常规条播两种不同麦作方式进行对比试验。【结果】稻田套播麦与常规条播麦相比,麦田土壤水分含量较高,种际空气湿度日变幅为56%~100%;种际温度较低,日变化较小。土壤含水量和温度达到种子萌发所需要求。麦田地表光强为自然光强的4.2%~6.5%;土壤容重较大,穿透阻力增强。稻田套播麦种子吸水、萌发出苗速度慢,根系入土困难,叶片瘦长,光合速率低,麦苗健壮度下降,根系活力较高。随共生期延长,麦苗生长受到抑制的程度增加,缓苗期显著延长;共生期不宜超过14 d。高产栽培下两种麦作方式产量差异不显著。【结论】改善稻田套播麦种际空气湿度、土壤容重和采用合理共生期,可促进稻田套播麦种子萌发出苗,提高成苗率,形成壮苗。

关 键 词:稻田套播麦  共生期  农田生态环境  生长
收稿时间:2007-7-26

Characteristics of Farmland Eco-Environment at Interplanting Stage of Wheat Interplanted in Paddy and Their Effects on Wheat Growth
Abstract:Objective] This research was conducted to determine the effects of characteristics of cropland eco-environment in seedling stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inter-planting with paddy and their effects on wheat growth. Method] Two different cultivation styles on wheat were included comparatively: wheat inter-planting with paddy, band seeding wheat. Result] The results showed that the temperature, moisture content and physical character of soil, light intensity were affected significantly by inter-planting with paddy. The temperature around seeds and its diurnal change were lower, but the soil moisture content and the diurnal change of the humidity around seeds was higher. With the bigger bulk density and solid ratio of soil, the penetration resistance of soil was bigger evidently. The light intensity on the face of soil was 4.2% - 6.5% of that on the top of paddy population. Because of the effect of seeds’ uncovering and cropland eco-environment conditions of inter-planting jointly, the ability of water absorption, germination and emergence of seeds was not high comparatively. After emergence, the development and growth of leaves and roots were restrained. The seedlings were not healthy and strong with roots growing downward difficultly, thinner and longer leaves and shorter and little roots. Moreover, photosynthetic power of leaves was not powerful. But roots energy was about 35% stronger. Conclusion] The seedlings had much probability to be affected badly by the bad conditions. So the developed and improved eco-environment was the key to emergence and healthy and strong seedlings, and benefited the development and growth of wheat to establish rational structure of individual and population, accordingly to have a high yield.
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