精确定量栽培对高海拔寒冷生态区水稻株型及产量的影响

 【目的】研究高寒水稻产量构成和株型特征的关系,明确精确定量栽培对高寒水稻增产的机理。【方法】以当地品种传统粳稻品种大白谷和新品种丽粳10号为试验材料,对抽穗期不同株型特征指标与产量及产量构成的相关分析,研究高海拔地区水稻生长发育特性及其生理生态特点,探讨高寒生态区水稻增产的主攻目标,以精确定量栽培和常规栽培相比较,分析精确定量栽培对高寒生态区水稻株型和产量的影响。【结果】不同产量群体之间株型方面以及有效穗、颖花量等产量构成因子方面都存在着差异,高产群体的显著特征是植株上部三叶叶长较长;上部三叶叶角较小;抽穗期叶片的比叶重大,且与叶片、茎秆及穗部性状关系密切;茎秆各节间配置合理,基部节间短,穗下节间较长;一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和产量呈显著正相关。【结论】扩库(增加总颖花量)和强源(增加抽穗后LAI,提高比叶重)均可提高高寒生态区水稻产量,水稻精确定量栽培的氮肥运筹、水分管理方面与高产水稻器官建成同步,提高叶面积指数的同时,促进总颖花量的增长,可显著地提高该生态区水稻的产量。

Effects of Precise and Quantitative Cultivation on Plant Type and Yield of Rice in High Altitude and Cold Ecological Area

【Objective】 Correlation between plant type indexes and yield components of rice as well as precise and quantitative cultivation on its mechanism of increase production were studied in special ecology area under high-altitude and cold. 【Method】 By using japonica rice landraces Dabaigu and new varieties Lijing 10 as test materials to analyze the correlation between plant type indexes and yield components at heading stage and research on growth and development as well as ecological and physiological characteristics of rice. The target of main attack on increasing production was studied to compare the precise and quantitative cultivation and conventional cultivation and the effects of precise and quantitative cultivation on plant type and yield of rice in high altitude and cold ecological area were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that there were differences in characteristics of plant type and grain yield components such as effective panicles, total number of spikelets among different populations. The notable characteristics of high-yield group were that the length of top three leaves were longer. The angles of top three leaves were smaller, the specific leaf weight was high at heading stage and closely related to the traits of leaves, stems and panicles. The length of internode on stem distributed reasonably, bottom internode was shorter while top internode was longer. A significantly positive correlation was observed between first branch numbers, second branch numbers and grain yield. 【Conclusion】 Enlarged sink (increased total number of spikelets) and the promoted sources (increased the leaf area index after heading stage and the specific leaf weight) were the main reasons of increased rice yield. It is concluded that synchronizing nitrogen and water application in precise and quantitative cultivation and organ formation in high-yield rice, increasing the leaf area index and simultaneously promoting total number of spikelets, rice yield could significantly increase rice yield in high-altitude eco-areas.