利用苹果矮化砧木进行密植丰产栽培的意见

 本文总结了中国30多年来对苹果矮化砧木的利用工作，依据大范围的区域试验结果，论述了矮化砧木在苹果密植丰产栽培中的作用，提出了利用苹果矮砧的区划意见，以及与矮砧苹果相适应的系列栽培技术，最后就矮化砧木利用中的看法进行了讨论。作者认为在中国的主要苹果产区如渤海湾、胶东、黄河故道、秦岭北麓以及渭北高原等地均可栽培矮砧苹果，现在已经有了比较成熟的经验，因地制宜地选择利用矮化砧木，将对提高中国的苹果栽培水平起到积极作用。

THE VIEW OF APPLICATION OF DWARFING ROOTSTOCKS TO HIGH DENSITY AND YIELD CULTIVATION IN APPLE

According to thirty year research and practice in application of imported dwarfing apple rootstocks, role of the rootstocks in high density apple growing was appraised. The results of large scale regional experiment indicated that some of the rootstocks possess high adaptability and hardness under environmental stress. In term of regional utilization, it is suggested that M7, M26, M9, MM106 and M4 can be used in both humid temperate and cold with semi-moist winter climate zones whereas only M7, MM106 and M4 types of winter hardness, can be used in cold with both semi-dry and dry climate zones. Considering the features of dwarf apple trees in intensive apple cultivation, it is necessary to canduct a series of techniques in China including (1) using proper rootstocks and interstems without support pole. (2) selecting proper density and combination of scions with rootstocks according to their growth vigor, local environment, cultivation ways and management, (3) applying spindle and slender spindle training and pruning, (4) flower or fruit thining to control proper fruit baering. (5) in areas where winter injury is easy to occur, multi-prevent means were recommanded to increase winter hardness of the apple trees