生物炭和有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系和土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

【目的】研究生物炭和生物有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系及微生物功能多样性等指标的影响，为果园可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验，添加生物炭和生物有机肥处理，分析不同生物炭和生物有机肥处理对植株根系、土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。【结果】施用生物有机肥和生物炭均可增加细吸收根量、细吸收根面积、土壤和根际可培养微生物量，提高土壤FDA酶活性和土壤微生物多样性，二者联合施用效果最佳。生物炭处理对细吸收根面积的改善效果优于生物有机肥处理，对土壤微生物多样性的改善效果则不如生物有机肥处理；10%生物肥+6%生物炭、10%生物肥+3%生物炭处理细吸收根面积分别是CK的6.6和10倍，10%生物肥处理是CK的2.5 倍，6%和3%生物炭处理是CK的3.3和3.1倍，生物炭和生物有机肥处理土壤细菌数量为CK土壤的3.32—10.23倍，放线菌数量为CK土壤的1.2—1.97倍，真菌数量为CK土壤的3.24—5.26倍，根际放线菌数量在生物有机肥处理后最高，根际真菌数量则在3%生物炭处理后最高。【结论】增加土壤炭可以增加植株根系、土壤微生物多样性，有利于土壤肥力的保持和农业的可持续发展。

Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Biochar on Root System and Microbial Functional Diversity of Malus hupehensis Rehd.

【Objective】 Effects of organic fertilizer and biochar on root system and microbial functional diversity in soil planted with the biennial seedling Malus hupehensis Rehd were studied. Meanwhile, the effect of increasing soil carbon on soil quality and plants were evaluated to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable development of orchard. 【Method】The biennial seedlings of M. hupehensis Rehd was planted in a pot experiment. The root system of plants and microbial functional diversity were analyzed by adding different amounts of organic fertilizer and biochar【Result】The quantity and area of fine absorbing root, the population of bacteria in soil and rhizosphere, the FDA enzyme activity and the microbial functional diversity were improved by application of organic fertilizer or biochar, and combined application of both were proved to be even more effective. Biochar was predominant in increasing area of fine absorbing root, while disadvantaged in improving microbial functional diversity, compared with organic fertilizer. The area of fine absorbing root in 10% organic fertilizer and 6% biochar, 10% organic fertilizer and 3% biochar, 10% organic fertilizer, 6% biochar and 3% biochar was 6.6,10, 2.5, 3.3 and 3.1 times than that of CK.The population of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil of treatments were 3.32-10.23, 1.2-1.97 and 3.24-5.26 times as much as the control group. The largest amount of rhizosphere actinomycetes was obtained after application of organic fertilizer, while application of 3% rhizosphere biochar corresponded to the largest amount of rhizosphere fungi. 【Conclusion】The root system of plants and microbial functional diversity in soil can be improved by increasing soil carbon, which is beneficial to soil fertilizer and sustainable development of agriculture.