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鄂东南崩岗洪积扇土壤物理性质空间分异特征
引用本文:邓羽松,丁树文,蔡崇法,吕国安,夏栋,朱芸.鄂东南崩岗洪积扇土壤物理性质空间分异特征[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(24):4850-4857.
作者姓名:邓羽松  丁树文  蔡崇法  吕国安  夏栋  朱芸
基金项目:国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD31BO4)、国家青年自然科学基金(41201271)、华中农业大学“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”(201410504021)
摘    要:【目的】研究崩岗洪积扇农田土壤颗粒组成、容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤持水情况、有机质并分析它们之间的相互关系,同时探索崩岗洪积扇农田土壤物理性质空间分异规律,不仅有利于农业用地规划,也为崩岗洪积扇农田土壤改良提供理论依据,对山区农林业生产具有重要的意义。【方法】运用野外调查结合室内分析的方法,以通城县杨垄小流域崩岗洪积扇农田为研究对象,选定水田和旱地两种洪积扇土地利用方式,分别采集洪积扇农田扇顶、扇中、扇缘以及对照4个区域测定其土壤物理性质,运用Pearson相关系数分析法对各指标之间的内在联系进行探究,研究崩岗对洪积扇农田的影响规律。【结果】崩岗侵蚀导致洪积扇农田土壤严重沙化,土壤结构性恶化。洪积扇农田土壤粗颗粒物质(砾石和砂粒)平均比对照区多75.89%,土壤细颗粒物质(粉粒和黏粒)平均比对照区减少39.13%。土壤有机质含量减少,洪积扇土壤有机质含量平均比对照区减少58.70%;容重增大,相对对照区平均增加0.25 g·cm-3;土壤孔隙度均小于对照区,饱和持水性和毛管孔隙度显著低于对照区。同时,沿着洪积扇扇缘到扇顶,土壤砾石和砂粒含量呈现逐渐增加,而粉粒和黏粒含量逐渐减少,容重随之增大,土壤孔隙度减少,持水性能也逐渐减弱,有机质逐渐减少的趋势。相关性分析得出,土壤容重与有机质含量呈极显著的负相关(R=-0.907**),土壤容重与土壤孔隙性和土壤持水特性呈极显著的负相关,总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度与土壤持水特性均呈极显著的正相关,非毛管孔隙度与各物理性质之间没有明显的相关性。土壤各粒级大小与土壤容重、土壤持水性指标、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度之间呈显著或极显著相关性。【结论】崩岗侵蚀发生后,洪积扇农田以土壤颗粒组成、有机质、土壤容重、孔隙度以及持水性能为代表的土壤物理性质退化严重。此外,崩岗洪积扇农田土壤物理性质存在空间分异规律,离扇顶越近,土壤物理结构性越差。洪积扇农田土壤指标间存在息息相关的联系,尤其是土壤颗粒组成和其他物理性指标之间的关系,突出了改良洪积扇土壤从土壤颗粒方面入手是可行的,如采取客土法和深耕法可有效改良被侵蚀的土壤结构。研究结果为明确洪积扇农田土壤物理性质提供了依据,为改良崩岗洪积扇土壤结构性奠定了基础,对农业生产和提高农业经济效益有重要意义。

关 键 词:崩岗  洪积扇  土壤物理性质  分异规律
收稿时间:2014-07-25

Spatial Distribution of the Collapsing Alluvial Soil Physical Properties in Southeastern Hubei
DENG Yu-song,DING Shu-wen,CAI Chong-fa,Lü Guo-an,XIA Dong,ZHU Yun.Spatial Distribution of the Collapsing Alluvial Soil Physical Properties in Southeastern Hubei[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(24):4850-4857.
Authors:DENG Yu-song  DING Shu-wen  CAI Chong-fa  Lü Guo-an  XIA Dong  ZHU Yun
Institution:College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
Abstract:【Objective】The objective of this paper is to study the compositions of soil particles of the collapsing alluvial fan, bulk density, soil porosity, soil water-holding capacity, the organic matter, and to analyze the relationship among them. The spatial variation law of dilapidated granite alluvial fan farmland soil physical properties was also studied which is not only benefit to agricultural land-use planning, but also provide a theoretical basis for soil improvement of the collapsing alluvial fan farmland, thus, it has a profound effect on agriculture and forestry production in mountainous areas. 【Method】 In this paper, laboratory analysis and field survey methods were adopted to study the small watershed ridge collapse Tongcheng County alluvial fan of farmland. Both paddy and upland land use patterns of alluvial fan were selected, at the same time, soil physical properties of 4 areas in the farmland including the top, middle, margin of the alluvial fan and control trial which is outside the alluvial fan were collected, the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis method was adopted to explore the intrinsic link age between various indicators to understand effect of collapse mound on alluvial fan farmland. 【Result】Collapsing erosion causes serious alluvial fan farmland soil desertification and soil structural deterioration. Coarse alluvial fan farmland particulate matter (gravel and sand) were more than 75.89% compared with the control area on average, soil fine particulate matter (silt and clay) reduced by 39.13% on average compared to the control area. Soil organic matter content was reduced, soil organic matter content in alluvial fan soil reduced by 58.70% compared with the control area on average; bulk density increases, relative to the control area increased an average by 0.25 g·cm-3; soil porosity were less than the control area, and saturation and capillary water holding capacity were significantly lower in the control area. Meanwhile, along the edge of the alluvial fan to fan roof, gravel and sand content in soil showed a gradual increase, while the silt and clay content gradually reduced, bulk density increased, soil porosity reduced, water holding capacity gradually weakened, organic matter gradually decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated (R=-0.907 **) with organic matter content; soil bulk density, soil porosity and soil water retention characteristics showed a significant negative correlation; total porosity, capillary porosity and soil water retention characteristics showed a highly significant positive correlation. There was no clear correlation between the non-capillary porosity and various physical properties. Each grain class size of soil and soil bulk density and soil water holding capacity index showed a significant or very significant correlation with the total porosity and capillary porosity.【Conclusion】After collapsing erosion occurred in alluvial fan farmland soil particles, organic matter, soil bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity as the representative soil physical properties showed a serious degradation. In addition, the collapse of the post alluvial fan farmland soil physical properties and spatial variation existed, the nearer the top fan, the worse the soil physical structures. There was linkage between the alluvial fan of farmland soil indicators closely linked, especially the relationship between soil particles and other physical indicators, highlighting the improvement of alluvial fan aspects of soil particles from the soil is workable, such as take-off indigenous soil structure and deep plowing method can effectively improve erosion. The result has provided a basis for understanding of farmland soil physical properties of alluvial fan soil, thus laying a foundation for the improvement of soil structure of the collapsing alluvial fan soil, which is important for agricultural production and economic efficiency of agriculture.
Keywords:collapse mound  alluvial fan  soil physical properties  diversity law
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